Showing papers on "Nasal cannula published in 2024"

Neonatal Respiratory Therapy

Abstract: Newborn infants, particularly preterm infants, frequently need respiratory support. A wide array of noninvasive and invasive support techniques are available. There are also multiple ways of assessing an infant who requires respiratory support. Most neonatal diseases are characterized by increased alveolar surface forces causing atelectasis. These forces can be offset by pressure applied to the upper airway, either through noninvasive or invasive support. The standard for noninvasive support is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), although there may be roles for high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and synchronized noninvasive ventilation in some infants. Intubated infants can be supported by multiple modes of ventilation. The most efficient modes of conventional tidal ventilation appear to be those that support every spontaneous breath with a ventilator breath (assist/control or A/C). Volume targeting, where the size of the breath is continually adjusted to stay within a narrow target range appears to be the optimal way to set the ventilator-delivered tidal volume. High-frequency ventilation can also support many infants with severe lung disease, or at risk of developing BPD. There are multiple ways of assessing an infant’s respiratory status, including noninvasive monitoring and ventilator graphics. Despite the multiple ways available to support infants with lung disease, there are simple guiding principles that can be applied with any type of support.