Showing papers on "Overjustification effect published in 1993"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the notions of reciprocity and overjustification to a specific employment relationship and apply them to a general employment relationship, and show that they are consistent with empirical observations.
108 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the effect of intrinsic motivation focus sessions on children's subsequent motivational orientation and creativity in an expected reward situation, and found that children who work on an interesting task in order to obtain a reward evidence lower subsequent intrinsic motivation than do children not working for a reward.
Abstract: An investigation was conducted to extend previous research on the effect of intrinsic motivation focus sessions on children's subsequent motivational orientation and creativity in an expected‐reward situation. Numerous earlier studies have demonstrated the over justification effect: Initially interested in an activity, an individual who is led to engage in that activity in the presence of some salient extrinsic constraint will judge him‐ or herself to be motivated by the constraint and not by his own interest. This phenomenon has been demonstrated across the life span. Even very young children who work on an interesting task in order to obtain a reward evidence lower subsequent intrinsic motivation than do children not working for a reward. Other research has shown similar negative effects on creativity. However, two recent investigations indicated that the usual over justification effect need not always occur. These studies demonstrated that the undermining of school children's intrinsic motivat...
102 citations
01 Mar 1993
TL;DR: This article investigated whether the negative effect resulting from socially-learned stereotypes of work and play would lead to decreasing intrinsic interest in a given task and found that young children have not yet developed an understanding that rewards are typically paired with undesirable, work-like activities.
Abstract: Factors such as an expected reward have been shown to severely undermine individuals' intrinsic interest in a given task. This "overjustification effect," or "discounting principle," has been demonstrated across the life span, except in the case of young children, who have been shown to be incapable of engaging in this cognitive process. This study investigated whether the negative effect resulting from socially-learned stereotypes of work and play would lead to decreasing intrinsic interest in a given task. A total of 27 3to 5-year-olds were asked to complete 10 illustrated-story pairs of tasks. Each pair of tasks consisted of one activity that pretesting had shown preschoolers considered "fun" and one considered "not so fun." The children were instructed to give a reward to one of the two dolls in each pair that performed the tasks, and to determine which doll was working and which was playing. Unexpectedly, while children were able to distinguish between work and play tasks, they were no more likely to reward the doll who was working than they were the doll who was playing. The results appear to demonstrate that young children have not yet developed an understanding that rewards are typically paired with undesirable, work-like activities. (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
1 citations