Showing papers on "Paper chromatography published in 2020"

The purity identification and radiolabeling of α-mangostin with technetium-99m.

Abstract: Alpha-mangostin (AM) is a natural compound that has the greatest activity in breast cancer. Radiolabeling AM with technetium-99 m (Tc-99m) has a function as breast cancer radiotracer. This study is aimed to identify the purity of Tc-99m-labeled AM. The identification method was conducted by a validated radio-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm the chemical purity of the compound when the thin layer of chromatography and paper chromatography were used to find out the radiochemical purity (RCP). The validated radio-HPLC method obtained was C18 column with methanol:water (90:10) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet (243 nm) tandem radioactive detector (Gabi Star). The result showed that the RCP was 70.6% ± 2.87%. The analytical method met the validation criteria according to ICH Q2 (R1); thus, it could be applied in the identification. Unfortunately, the99mTc-AM identification using radio-HPLC showed that the expected complex was not yet formed perfectly because of chemical impurities.

Role and Use of Secondary Metabolites in Fungal Taxonomy

Abstract: This chapter shows that secondary metabolites have been valuable, occasionally even indispensable, in classifications that are expected to be unequivocal and stable. Gross separations were originally introduced using paper chromatography or chemical paper tests, but these have not been used recently in chemotaxonomy except in a few simple diagnostic tests. Gas chromatography (GC) has mostly been used for volatile chemical compounds. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the method of choice for most nonvolatile secondary metabolites. HPLC using gradient elution on reversed-phase material allows a good separation of a large range of secondary metabolites with different polarities, and Ultra Violet (UV) and fluorescence detectors can be used to detect small amounts of most compounds with a chromophore. Diode array detection is particularly relevant in connection with HPLC but can also be used with micellar capillary electrophoresis (MCE). Certain secondary metabolites fluoresce strongly and so can be detected in very low amounts with a fluorescence detector.

A brief review on: Separation techniques chromatography

Abstract: Chromatography is an important biophysical process, allowing the components of a mixture to be isolated, classified and extracted for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Proteins can be purified based on features such as size and shape, total charge, surface hydrophobic groups and stationary phaset binding ability. Four separation strategies based on molecular characteristics and form of interaction Four separation techniques based on molecular characteristics and form of interaction use ion exchange mechanisms, surface adsorption, partition, and exclusion of the size. Column chromatography is one of the most common methods of protein purification Chromatography is based on the theory of separation of fluid stationary phase (stable phase) when traveling with the support of a mobile phase. The variables that are involved in this separation process include adsorption (liquid-solid), partition (liquid-solid), and affinity or variations between their molecular weights. Due of these variations, certain components of the mixture stay in the stationary phase longer, and travel gradually in the chromatography system, while others move rapidly through the mobile phase, leaving the system faster. Based on this method, three components form the basis of the chromatography technique. Stationary phase: is a phase consisting of a "solid" phase or a "solid surface adsorbed layer" Mobile phase: is a phase consisting of a "liquid" or a "gaseous part." Separate molecules which form the interaction between stationary phase, mobile phase and substances contained in the mixture are the basic component that is successful in separating molecules from the partition-based chromatography methods are very effective in separating small molecules and distinguishing them as amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. In the separation of macromolecules as nucleic acids and proteins, however, affinity chromatography’s (i.e. ion-exchange chromatography) are more efficient. Paper chromatography is used in protein separation and protein synthesis studies; gas-liquid chromatography is used to isolate alcohol, ethanol, lipid, and amino groups, and to analyze enzymatic interactions, while molecular-sieve chromatography is used in particular to evaluate molecular protein weights. Agarose gel chromatography is used to purify RNA, DNA particles, and viruses. The chromatography stationary phase is a solid phase or liquid phase that is sprayed on a solid phase surface. A gaseous or liquid phase is a mobile phase which flows through the stationary phase. If the mobile phase is liquid, it is called liquid chromatography, and if it is gas, it is called gas chromatography. of gases and mixtures of volatile liquids, and solid material, gas chromatography is used. Liquid chromatography is used in particular for thermal unstable and non-volatile materials. The purpose of applying chromatography, which is used as a quantitative analysis tool apart from its separation, is to record a sufficient separation within an acceptable time interval. Various chromatography methods have been developed to that end. Some of these have chromatography on columns, thin layer chromatography (TLC), paper chromatography, gas chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, liquid high pressure chromatography, and affinity chromatography.