Showing papers on "Pervious concrete published in 1980"

Method of overlay and sandwich formation of pervious concrete

Abstract: A method of overlay and sandwich formation of a combination of pervious concrete with itself and/or standard cement concrete wherein the existing surface is cleaned either mechanically or chemically, a coating of cement and water mortar, mixed in a high energy/shear type mixer, is then applied, and pervious concrete is directly applied to any required thickness, which results in a complete bonding between the overlay and the original pavement. To apply pervious concrete to reinforced concrete slab construction, in cases where lateral water movement may be undesirable, a similar procedure is used after transverse penetration of the reinforced slab with holes spaced so as to clear reinforcing steel and of sufficient size and area to permit the drainage of the combined slab. These holes will be filled with pervious concrete during the overlay procedure.

Durability of Galvanized Steel in Concrete

Abstract: Two major exposure site programs have been undertaken to provide comparative information on the corrosion susceptibility of steel in concrete. In the first (current for 14 years), a comparative examination of the performance of zinc-coated and uncoated mild steel in a range of concretes made with both dense and lightweight pulverized fuel ash (pfa) aggregates has been made. In the second (which has been underway for five years and where corrosion has been accelerated by the addition of calcium chloride to the concrete), evaluation of the performance of galvanized steel (in this case on a substrate of high-yield bar) has been supplemented by studies of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Types 405, 430, 302, 315, and 316 stainless steel bar and a comparison with the performance obtained from high-yield deformed bar. Both programs have employed exposure of small reinforced concrete prisms in which the concrete cover to the reinforcement has been carefully set by locating the test specimens on a supporting frame. In the five-year tests, the prism specimens have been augmented with trials on reinforced beams which have been stressed to give cracks in the concrete cover to the steel. This paper discusses the results obtained from the galvanized steel specimens and compares them with those for the untreated steel examined in these studies. The results can be divided into a number of categories. Similar good performance (in terms of cracking of the cover induced by expansive corrosion of the reinforcement) has been exhibited by mild, high-yield, and galvanized steel in dense-aggregate good-quality chloride-free concrete. Where dense aggregate has been substituted by lightweight aggregate, cracking due to corrosion of the unprotected steel occurred at low cover, whereas identical prisms containing galvanized bars remained uncracked. The addition of high levels of calcium chloride (3.0 percent by weight and above with respect to the cement) to the dense-aggregate concrete caused severe corrosion of the high-yield bar and resulted in massive cracking of the cover. To date, this cracking has been less severe in similar specimens reinforced with galvanized steel, but results of weight loss measurement indicate extensive zinc loss in some specimens. However, much less loss of zinc has been measured on bars removed from concrete made without deliberate addition of chloride and from concrete to which up to 1.5 percent calcium chloride (by weight of cement) has been added. In the more permeable mixed without added chloride, where carbonation has reached the test bar, plain steel has corroded, resulting in cracking of the cover, whereas with galvanized bar some zinc loss has occurred but without fracture of the cover. The results suggest that, although some delay in cracking of the cover is achieved by the use of galvanized reinforcement, the greatest benefit would occur where it has been used in low-quality relatively permeable concrete containing low or minimal quantities of chloride.

Monolithic water-permeable concrete roadway and related large area structures with integral drainage elements

Abstract: Large area concrete structures, such as roadways, parking lots and playing field bases are monolithically cast with integral drainage elements using an especially formulated water-permeable concrete material having strength and durability comparable to conventional concrete. Such structures provide minimal interference with natural water flow patterns, optimal use of available land, and minimal harm to adjacent vegetation.