Showing papers on "Phialophora gregata published in 2002"

Pathogenic Characterization of Genotypes A and B of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae.

Abstract: Genetic studies of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae, the causal agent of brown stem rot (BSR) of soybean, have led to the development of species-specific primers capable of separating isolates into two distinct genotypes, A and B. To determine whether genotypic characterization could be related to differences in BSR symptom expression, five soybean cultivars, Pioneer 9234, Corsoy 79 (both BSR susceptible), Williams, BSR 101, and Jack and plant introduction (PI) 437970 (all BSR resistant), were inoculated with a total of 27 isolates of each genotype in four greenhouse experiments conducted from February to November 2000. BSR severity was calculated as the percentage of symptomatic foliar, internal stem, and internal root tissue. Genotype A isolates caused significantly more severe (P < 0.0001) BSR foliar symptoms than genotype B isolates on Pioneer 9234, Corsoy 79, Williams, and BSR 101, while Jack and PI 437970 expressed minimal foliar symptoms regardless of isolate genotype. Overall, internal st...

Regional Distribution of Two Races of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, Causal Agent of Brown Stem Rot of Adzuki Bean, and Their Genetic Diversity on Hokkaido, Northernmost Island of Japan

Abstract: The distribution of two races (1 and 2) of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, the causal agent of brown stem rot of adzuki bean, was examined using a total of 483 isolates obtained from 39 fields in 19 locations on Hokkaido, Japan between 1997 and 1999. Race 1 was predominant (416 isolates or 86.1%) in the commercial fields tested. Race 2 was found in 25 fields (64.1%), including two fields of cultivar Kita-no-otome (resistant to race 1, but susceptible to race 2), indicating that race 2 was widely distributed in most of the production areas in Hokkaido. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), a total of 67 polymorphic AFLP markers was recorded among 72 representative isolates (37 and 35 isolates of races 1 and 2, respectively), and 57 distinct haplotypes were detected. Cluster analysis revealed no close correlation between races and AFLP groups. Thus, no difference was observed between values of gene diversity in each race (0.253 and 0.284 in races 1 and 2, respectively), and the coefficient of gene differentiation was very low (G ST =0.015). Gene differentiation between both races by analysis of molecular variance was not significantly different from zero (Φ=−0.001; p=0.403). However, the results of gene differentiation among regional populations (G ST =0.290, Φ=0.292; p<0.001) are not necessarily consistent with the result that isolates from the same district were generally not tightly clustered.

BRS 153: cultivar de soja com boa adaptação ao sistema plantio direto no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract: Soybean cultivar BRS 153, derived from the cross EMBRAPA 1 x Braxton, has medium cycle and has determinate growth habit plants, with white flowers, gray pubescence, and light brown hilum. It is resistant to soybean stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis), brown stem rot (Phialophora gregata), frogeye leafspot (Cercospora sojina), and powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa). In 19 environments of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, BRS 153 averaged 12% and 14% higher yields than cultivars RS 7-Jacui and BR-16, respectively. It is indicated for sowing in November in all regions of Rio Grande do Sul.

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Phialophora gregata Isolated from Soybean Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Brown Stem Rot

Abstract: Flow cytometry was used to characterize isolates of Phialophora gregata, the causal organism of brown stem rot (BSR) in soybean, using the fluorescence intensity of YOYO-1 stained conidia. The conidia were derived from isolates of P. gregata isolated from field-grown soybean vascular tissue from two locations in Wisconsin. At each location, four soybean cultivars were grown. Two cultivars were susceptible to BSR and two cultivars were resistant to BSR. Ninety-six isolates, one per plant, were characterized for DNA content. The stained conidia were analyzed with an EPICS XL (Coulter Corporation, Hialeah, Florida, USA) flow cytometer cell sorter with CICERO software (San Rafael, CA, USA). The isolates differed in their mean DNA content, ranging from 78.0 to 116.8 arbitrary units. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the DNA content variability of the isolates between the two locations. A notable difference in DNA content variability was observed between the isolates collected from the resistant cultivars between the two locations. However, no significant variation occurred in the DNA content of the isolates collected from susceptible cultivars within or between locations. The observed variation among the isolates is hypothesized to be due to the occurrence of separate populations of P. gregata and selection for mean DNA content that could colonize specific plant genotypes.

BRS 154, a soybean cultivar of broad adaptation

Abstract: The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar BRS 154, originated from a crossing between Embrapa 1 x Braxton, was developed by Embrapa Wheat along with Embrapa Soybean. The cultivar BRS 154 was released in 1998 and designed to be cropped in southern Brazil. It has a high yield potential and good adaptation under no-tillage. It has field resistance to soybean stem canker, caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis, and is resistant to brown stem rot, caused by Phialophora gregata, frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina, powdery mildew, caused by Microsphaera diffusa, and bacterial pustule, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines.

Cultivar de soja BRS 205

Abstract: BRS 205, a soybean cultivar originated from the cross [BR-16(2) x Ocepar 8] x Tracy-M, is indicated for sowing in November in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Plants have determinate growth habit, white flowers, brown pubescence, low stature, and black hilum. It is resistant to soybean stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis), brown stem rot (Phialophora gregata), frogeye leafspot (Cercospora sojina), and bacterial pustule (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines). It is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa). In comparison with RS 7-Jacui and BR-16, cultivar BRS 205 averaged 6% and 11% higher yields, respectively.

NOVAS CULTIVARES BRS 153: cultivar de soja com boa adaptação ao sistema plantio direto no Rio Grande do Sul (1)

Abstract: Soybean cultivar BRS 153, derived from the cross EMBRAPA 1 x Braxton, has medium cycle and has determinate growth habit plants, with white flowers, gray pubescence, and light brown hilum. It is resistant to soybean stem canker ( Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis), brown stem rot (Phialophora gregata), frogeye leafspot (Cercospora sojina), and powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa). In 19 environments of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, BRS 153 averaged 12% and 14% higher yields than cultivars RS 7-Jacui and BR-16, respectively. It is indicated for sowing in November in all regions of Rio Grande do Sul.