Showing papers on "Possession (law) published in 1971"

Ecstatic Religion: An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism

Abstract: First published in 1971, Ecstatic Religion was hailed as a modern classic. In this second edition, Professor Lewis offers us a new introduction in which he answers his critics and defines his current position in the field.

Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession

Abstract: 1. Towards a Sociology of Ecstasy 2. Trance and Possession 3. Affliction and its Apotheosis 5. Strategies of Mystical Attack: Protest and its Containment 5. Possession and Public Morality - II Other Cosmological Systems 7. Possession and Psychiatry

Self, Spirit Possession and World View: an Illustration From Egypt:

Abstract: THE objective of this paper is to describe and analyse the world view of a group of women who participate in a particular spirit possession cult known as the zar. Literally the term zar means &dquo;visit&dquo;. It is predominantly a woman’s activity having little or no relation to formal Islamic practices. It centers around beliefs in certain kinds of spirits which possess a person and generally give him discomfit until they are satisfied in having their demands met. Once they enter, these spirits can never be expelled only appeased, and this can be done only at a zar ceremony in which a chief priest or priestess directs ceremonies that appease the spirits, which are of different types with names, nationalities, colors, music, dress and songs attached to them. According to some scholars, the zar cult was originally introduced into the Egyptian Turkish upper class harems by Abyssinian and Sudanese slaves during the latter part of the 19th century (Cerulli, 1927 :1217) 2

Nembe : the City Idea in the Eastern Niger Delta.

Abstract: The following discussion of the delta city is confined to the four main 1j9 metropolitan centres of the Eastern Delta, namely Nembe (Brass), Elem Kalabari (New Calabar), Bonny, and Okrika; and excludes the cities of Ode Itsekiri (Warri) in the Western Delta, and Atakpa (Old Calabar) on the Cross River estuary to the east. The four cities seem to have started from a similar cultural and political base-line, and to have responded to similar historical factors such as the overseas trade in slaves, and later, palm oil, with only slight variations. A number of attempts have already been made to define the cities in the Niger Delta. Dike (I956) first studied them in the nineteenth century. He considered them proper states and not tribal states, since citizenship in them was based on residence rather than on kinship. Specifically, he named them city-states, comparable to the Greek city-states, because of the manner in which their political authority radiated from one city to surrounding settlements, and especially to trading posts in the hinterland. Jones (I963) called the cities "trading states". He saw them as creations of the European trade in slaves and palm oil, and as organised, in the main, for the purposes of carrying on overseas trade. The problems of interest in their internal history were, accordingly, the intergroup rivalries between the 'Houses' (trade corporations organised on a lineage model) to be expected in a society organised for commercial competition. Horton (I969, p. 5o) has paid greater attention to the cultural criteria for citizenship, and especially the fact that even bought slaves could become full citizens by becoming fully acculturated: "In positive terms, the identity of New Calabar was seen in the possession of a distinct, isolated settlement area; of autonomy under a distinctive body of laws; and of the possession of a distinctive culture. As in the villages, this definition of identity was essentially open in its implications. Any one who could acquire the culture and pull his weight could become a citizen. As the drum-name of the earth of New Calabar puts it: 'If a dog walks on him, he does not spurn the leg; if a goat walks on him, he does not spurn the leg'." All these views of the Delta city are largely valid, in the aspects of their organisation considered. It is only necessary to sketch in one view that has so far escaped adequate treatment, that is, the religious dimension. Religion, in fact, serves as the ligament holding together the various joints of the social and political structure of each of these Eastern Delta city-states.

The structure of consumer attitudes: the use of attribute possession and importance scores. BEBR No. 2

Abstract: "This is a slightly modified version of a paper presented at the workshop "Attitude Research and Consumer Behavior," held at the University of Illinois, December 1970."

Demonosis or the Possession Syndrome

Abstract: AN ATTEMPT here is made to extract relevant observations, to record cases, A to discuss and re-formulate P. M. Yap’s &dquo;Possession Syndrome&dquo;3 and to suggest that it is a reality, even in a sophisticated British culture. Risso and Boker’5 quote that in Southern Italy &dquo;each has a hidden power, the boundaries of magic and religion blend-there are numerous combinations, transitions and compromises. One who is in a state of powerlessness and inhibition, is literally &dquo;bound&dquo;. They complain of drowsiness, headache and exhaustion. The menacing power emanating from someone else engulfs the victim. Even little children suffer.&dquo;

The Origins of the Limbang Claim

Abstract: Tun Abdul Razak, the prime minister of Malaysia, has recently announced that his Government cannot consider the claim to the Limbang River made by the Sultan of Brunei. This dispute has its origins in the 1880's when North Borneo and Sarawak were intriguing against each other to gain possession of the remains of the once powerful Sultanate. Since that time the problem of the Limbang has smouldered continually, every now and then breaking into a fitful glow. The problem is a complex one and has not hitherto received detailed scholarly analysis.

Mahdism, Messianism and Marxism in the African setting

Abstract: The author raises some questions about the relationships between these three types of revolutionary ideology. How far back in history can Messianic Mahdist movements be traced? What was the nature of the crises that stimulated the transformation of latent Mahdism into active Mahdism? He ends his paper with the following question:'(...) how far did the mere possession of a revolutionary millenial tradition contribute to the growth of modern forms of revolutionary organisation and consciousness?' Notes.

The Spoils of Venice: Henry James's "Two Old Houses and Three Young Women" and The Golden Bowl

Abstract: A LTHOUGH CLEARLY HENRY JAMES drew upon many complex resources of experience and craft in creating The Golden Bowl (I904), the case of Prince Amerigo especially recalls the "endless strange secrets, broken fortunes and wounded hearts" of his Italian travel sketch of I899, "Two Old Houses and Three Young Women."1 In The Golden Bowl James dramatized anew the baffled condition of young Italian nobility who in the late nineteenth century had inherited titles and manners without the rich support of traditional accompaniments, and Maggie Verver is dangerously slow in realizing that her husband's condition "was like something made for him beforehand by innumerable facts, facts largely of the sort known as historical."2 While James's criticism of his own work tended to be aesthetic, rather than historical, a student of James's essays and fiction must of necessity possess a sense of history, for in the two works in question, James created variations on a historical theme. If old Italy had recovered its independence, but could not recover the treasures lost during the Austrian possession, then, for James, Italy had indeed provided a strangely broken, depleted, and even desperate heritage for its youth. The relationship between The Golden Bowl and the two Venetian experiences recounted in the earlier travel sketch may be overlooked because of Leon Edel's inaccurate discussion of the sketch3 and

Attalos I and Aigina

Abstract: As a result of their alliances with Rome in the first two wars with Macedon, the Attalids made a number of small territorial gains in the western Aegean. Among these was the island of Aigina, which was captured by the Romans in 210 B.C., during the First Macedonian War, passed into the possession of the Aitolians in accordance with the terms of their treaty with Rome, and was finally purchased from them by Attalos I of Pergamon for the sum of thirty talents (Polyb. xxii. 8. 10): Αἰτωλοί, κύριοι γeνόμeνοι τῆς πόλeως κατὰ τὰς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους συνθήκας, Ἀττάλῳ παραδοῖeν, τριάκοντα τάλαντα παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ λαβόντeς. This action requires some explanation, especially as the issue has been obscured by the widely held view that Attalos' fleet took part in the capture of the island; some clarification can be found in the literary accounts referring to Attalos' activity during the first years of his involvement in the war. Rome, as is well known, avoided total commitment in Greece even after Laevinus' treaty of 212/11.

The Future as a Source of Freedom

Abstract: “Man is free when he is open beyond himself. … By turning in upon himself he may think he is in possession of himself, and therefore free, but in actuality he is imprisoned in what he already is, determined by the sum of his past history. To be free is to be open to the future, to find the reality of one's freedom in the oncoming future of God.”

History in the Library of Salisbury Cathedral

Abstract: ON MONDAY the fifteenth of June 1215 the profligate King John came down from Windsor Castle to Runnymede to keep an important appointment with the Barons of the Realm encamped at Staines. Tall, glowering, with a paunch from licentious living he listened to the ‘Articles of the Barons’ before reluctantly affixing his Great Seal. These articles drafted in the form of a royal charter promised a return of ‘ancient and accustomed liberties’ putting an end to the arbitrary and unjust rule that the King exercised over his subjects. Thus the most famous possession of the Salisbury Cathedral Library came into existence, the ‘Magna Carta’ or Great Charter upon which our political and legal history is founded.

Mission San Gabriel's Bicentennial

Abstract: The bicentennial of El Mision del Santo Principe el Arcangel San Gabriel de los Temblores, the northernmost of the four Indian frontier establishments under the military jurisdiction of San Diego, affords an appropriate occasion for hastily recalling the colorful montage into which the fourth of California's missionary outposts figures so prominently. Surely it is a marvel, in the history of the modern world, that the relatively small nation of Spain, most of whose blood and treasure were already committed to the European theater, could embark upon and actually succeed, with a handful of men, in taking possession of the Caribbean archipelago and, from that base, to diffuse Ibernian religion, culture, law and language to more than half the population of the two American continents.