Showing papers on "Potassium iodate published in 2011"

Iodine Fortification Plant Screening Process and Accumulation in Tomato Fruits and Potato Tubers

Abstract: Iodine is an essential microelement for human health, and the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of such element should range from 40 to 200 µg day −1 . Because of the low iodine contents in vegetables, cereals, and many other foods, iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is one of the most widespread nutrient-deficiency diseases in the world. Therefore, investigations of I uptake in plants with the aim of fortifying them can help reach the important health and social objective of IDD elimination. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the absorption of iodine from two different chemical forms—potassium iodide (I − ) and potassium iodate (IO − 3)—in a wide range of wild and cultivated plant species. Pot plants were irrigated with different concentrations of I − or IO − 3, namely 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v) I − and 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% (w/v) IO − 3. Inhibiting effects on plant growth were observed after adding these amounts of iodine to the irrigation water. Plants were able to tolerate high levels of iodine as IO − 3 better than I − in the root environment. Among cultivated species, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed the lowest biomass reductions due to iodine toxicity and maize (Zea mays L.) together with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) showed the greatest. After the screening, cultivated tomato and potato were shown to be good targets for a fortification-rate study among the species screened. When fed with 0.05% iodine salts, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits absorbed iodine up to 272 and 527 µg/100 g fresh weight (FW) from IO − 3 and 1,875 and 3,900 µg/100 g FW from I − . These uptake levels were well more than the RDA of 150 µg day −1 for adults. Moreover, the agronomic efficiency of iodine accumulation of potato tubers and tomato fruits was calculated. Both plant organs showed greater accumulation efficiency for given units of iodine from iodide than from iodate. This accumulation efficiency decreased in both potato tubers and tomato fruits at iodine concentrations greater than 0.05% for iodide and at respectively 0.2% and 0.1% for iodate. On the basis of the uptake curve, it was finally possible to calculate the doses of supply in the irrigation water of iodine as iodate (0.028% for potato and 0.014% for tomato) as well as of iodide (0.004% for potato and 0.002% for tomato) to reach the 150 µg day −1 RDA for adults in 100 g of such vegetables, to efficiently control IDD, although these results still need to be validated.

Thermal decomposition kinetics of potassium iodate

Abstract: The effect of gamma ray irradiation on the rate and kinetics of thermal decomposition of potassium iodate (KIO3) has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) under non-isothermal conditions at different heating rates (3, 5, 7, and 10 K min−1). The thermal decomposition data were analyzed using isoconversional methods of Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Friedman. Irradiation with gamma rays increases the rate of the decomposition and is dependent on the irradiation dose. The activation energy decreases on irradiation. The enhancement of the rate of the thermal decomposition of KIO3 upon irradiation is due to the combined effect of the production of displacements and extended lattice defects and chemical damage in KIO3. Non-isothermal model fitting method of analysis showed that the thermal decomposition of irradiated KIO3 is best described by the contracting sphere model equation, with an activation energy value of ~340 kJ mol−1.

Supplemental Selenium Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Excessive Iodine on Thyroid

Abstract: As excessive iodine intake is associated with a decrease of the activities of selenocysteine-containing enzymes, supplemental selenium was hypothesized to alleviate the toxic effects of excessive iodine. In order to verify this hypothesis, Balb/C mice were tested by giving tap water with or without potassium iodate and/or sodium selenite for 16 weeks, and the levels of iodine in urine and thyroid, the hepatic selenium level, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), type 1 deiodinase (D1), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) were assayed. It had been observed in excessive iodine group that hepatic selenium, the activities of GSHPx, D1, and TPO decreased, while in the groups of 0.2 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L supplemental selenium, the urinary iodine increased significantly. Compared with the group of excessive iodine intake alone, supplemental selenium groups had higher activities of GSHPx, D1, and TPO. We could draw the conclusion that supplemental selenium could alleviate toxic effect of excessive iodine on thyroid. The optimal dosage of selenium ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 mg/L which can protect against thyroid hormone dysfunction induced by excessive iodine intake.

Spectrophotometric determination of L -ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals

Abstract: A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of L-ascorbic acid with leuco crystal violet is proposed. The determination is based on the oxidation of analyte by potassium iodate. The colourless oxidation products were formed in the quantity equivalent to iodide ions. The iodide ions react with the excess of iodate ions in acidic medium, to form free iodine which oxidized leuco crystal violet (LCV) to the liberated crystal violet (CV +) dye, showing maximum absorption at 588 nm. The absorbance was measured at pH of 4.1–4.2 in 1 cm cuvettes. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.5–4.0 μg/mL. The molar absorptivity of the coloured compound is 4.14 × 104 L/mol cm for L-ascorbic acid. The analytical parameters were optimized and the method was successfully applied to the determination of L-ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals. The results were compared with those obtained by methods proposed in Polish Standard.

Low-level bromate analysis in drinking water by ion chromatography with optimized suppressed conductivity cell current followed by a post-column reaction and UV/Vis detection

Abstract: In the present work, a high capacity anion exchange column was used to efficiently and simultaneously separate traces of oxyhalide disinfection byproducts (DBP) anions and bromide by an ion chromatography system followed by a post-column reaction (PCR). The PCR generates in situ hydroiodic (HI) acid from the excess of potassium iodate that combines with bromate from the column effluent to form the triiodide anion detectable by UV/Vis absorbance at 352 nm. The suppressed conductivity cell current was optimized at 70 mA, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a 9 mM carbonate eluent. Its performance was investigated on a trace-level determination of bromate in ozonated municipal and bottled drinking water. Based on ozonated municipal drinking water matrix, the method detection limit of 0.27 μg BrO(-)(3)/L was evaluated with the Method Quantification Limit (MQL) of 0.89 μg BrO(-)(3)/L. However, in ultrapure water, a MDL of 0.015 μg BrO(-)(3)/L and a MRL of 0.052 μg BrO(-)(3)/L were achieved. The recovery for spiked municipal samples was in the range of 90%-115%.

A note on the assay of some sulphydryl compounds.

Abstract: An assay of thioglycollic acid has been developed using potassium iodate solution which is considered to be as accurate as the Pharmacopoeial method. The proposed method has been applied to the assay of cysteine hydrochloride, dimercaprol and glutathione.

Method and device for producing potassium iodate through oxygen cathode non-diaphragm electrolysis

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for producing potassium iodate through oxygen cathode non-diaphragm electrolysis. In the device in the invention, the mixed solution of potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide is used as electrolyte, wherein iodine ions are oxidized at the anode to generate iodate ions, oxygen is reduced at the cathode to generate hydroxyl ions; the liquid generated by electrolysis is cooled to precipitate potassium iodate crystals; and after potassium iodide and water are added in mother liquor, the mixture is send back to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis. The cathode of the electrolytic cell is an oxygen-consuming cathode and the anode is a corrosion resistant non-sacrificial anode, thus the cationic film or diaphragm is not required and the reduction of iodate ions at the cathode can be avoided. The method is obviously characterized in that the cell voltage is only about 0.6-1.0V, thus the energy consumption can be greatly reduced; the whole flow is performed circularly; and the electrolytic cell has simple structure, no ion film and low operating cost.

Preparation method of potassium iodide

Abstract: The invention relates to a preparation method of potassium iodide. The preparation method is implemented based on the following technical scheme: (1) adding 765 parts of iodine tablets in a reaction container with a stirrer, then adding distilled water, and stirring; slowly adding 337 parts of potassium hydroxide solution with the relative density of 1.3 under the state of stirring until the reaction is complete, wherein when the solution in the reaction is puce and the pH value of the solution is 5-6, potassium iodate crystals occur in the container; and (2) slowly adding 277 parts of formic acid solution in the solution to reduce the potassium iodate, then adding potassium hydroxide for regulating the pH value to 9-10, introducing steam, carrying out heat preservation for 1-2 hours, standing, filtering to remove undissolved substances so as to obtain a silvery solution, carrying out evaporation concentration until most crystals are separated out, carrying out cooling crystallization and centrifugal separation, and drying, so as to obtain a finished product. According to the preparation method of the potassium iodide, the potassium iodide can be safely, conveniently and reliably produced, and the large-scale production is ensured to be possible, thus the preparation method can be widely applied.

Electrochemical Mechanical Removal of Ta Films in Dihydroxybenzene Sulfonic Acid Solutions Containing Potassium Iodate

Abstract: Removal of Ta films has been investigated in solutions containing 2,5 dihydroxy benzene sulfonic acid and potassium iodate (KIO3) under conditions that exist during electrochemical mechanical polishing. Specifically, the films were abraded at low pressures ( 0.5 psi) on a polyurethane pad under galvanostatic conditions. Variables such as pH, KIO3 concentration, and current density have been investigated to develop an optimized formulation. The nature of the oxide film formed on tantalum during the electrochemical abrasion process was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nanoindentation techniques. VC 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3535269] All rights reserved.

Method for preparing poultry feed additive compound mineral substance

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing a poultry feed additive compound mineral substance, and belongs to the technical field of poultry feed additives. The mineral substance comprises the flowing elements: calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese carbonate, ammonium ferric citrate, zinc carbonate, copper carbonate, potassium iodate, sodium selenite and potassium chromium sulfate. In the compound mineral substance, the potassium iodate replaces the conventionally added potassium iodide to serve as the source of iodine element, the iodine element loss caused by decomposition and volatilization of the potassium iodide is prevented, the function of keeping the iodine element for a long time can be realized, and the production, processing, sales and feeding are facilitated. The addition amount of the mineral substance in the conventional poultry feed is 1/1,000-2/1,000; and experiments show that the mineral substance can stimulate the appetite of livestock and promote growth.

Method for synthesizing high-pure potash iodate

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesizing high-purity potassium iodate, especially to a method for synthesizing the high-purity potassium iodate by utilizing industrial oxydol, iodine and potassium hydroxides The method adopts the technical scheme of: directly oxidizing the iodine in an electromagnetic reactor by using the clean oxidant oxydol; reinforcing the oxidation reaction by using electromagnetic waves; and synthesizing the high-purity potassium iodate by using the potassium hydroxide after the reaction is over, wherein during the oxidation reaction, the solution acidity is pH 1-2; the electromagnetic reinforced reaction time is 4-16min, the electromagnetic frequency is 915MHz-245GHz The raw materials used by the method are mainly the iodine, the oxydol and the potassium hydroxide; the regulator is nitric acid; and the oxidation reaction is reinforced by electromagnetism Therefore, the method is convenient, safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and simultaneously can overcome the technical problems in the prior art

Mechanistic studies of aquachlororhodium(III) catalysis in potassium iodate oxidation of 1,2-propanediol in acidic medium: A kinetic approach

Abstract: The kinetics of homogeneously Rh(III) catalysed oxidation of 1, 2-propanediol by acidic solution of potassium iodate at constant ionic strength of the medium has been investigated at 308 K. The reaction follows complex kinetics, being first order in [KIO3], zero order in 1, 2-propanediol and inverse fractional order in both [H ] and [Cl ]. The first order rate constant increases linearly with increase in [Rh(III)] in its lower concentration range but as the concentration of Rh(III) is increased towards the higher range, the rate constant becomes almost constant, indicating positive fractional order in [Rh(III)]. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and successive addition of mercuric acetate (used as I ions scavenger) has a positive effect on the rate of the reaction. IO3 and [RhCl5(H2O)] -2 have been postulated as the reactive species of KIO3 and Rh(III), respectively. Activation parameters for the slow and rate determining step of the proposed mechanism, which involves the formation of the most activated complex, [Cl5Rh(HO→Hg)] , prior to the slowest step, have been obtained from rate measurements at 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C. The rate law conforming to the observed kinetic results has been derived

The Determination of Tin Content in Niobium-iron and Tantalum-iron Concentrate

Abstract: This paper studied the titration acidity,the ratio of potassium iodate and potassium iodide,the choice of reducing agent to select the optimal titration conditions.Experiments on interfering elements were conducted by adopting the easiest method.This method enjoys the advantages of simple performance and accurate results.

Method for making hydrogen and oil by using solar

Abstract: The invention provides a method used for preparing hydrogen and oil by utilizing solar energy, the process flow of which mainly comprises the following procedures: (1) steam is prepared by utilizing the solar energy; (2) salt is prepared and dehydrated; (3) potassium iodate is sintered; (4) oxygen is recovered; (5) potassium iodide solution is hydrolyzed and hydriodic acid is prepared; (6) hydrogen is prepared and iodine is recovered; (7) hydrogen is refined; (8) water is purified; and (9) fuel oil is synthesized and refined by the CO2 conversion and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process of the H2 prepared in the previous steps and CO2. The hydrolysis of the solutions such as potassium iodide and the like is realized by an electric field decomposer. The device consists of a sealing pipe, two groups of electric field electrodes and a separation plate. The method utilizes the thermal effect and the chemical effect of the sunlight simultaneously, uses the water and CO2 as raw materials to generate hydrogen and fuel oil by chemical reaction, leads the solar energy to be changed into chemical energy which is convenient for use and easy for storage, reduces the cost by at least 30 percent compared with oil produced from coal, provides a new way for solving the energy resource problem, and has huge economic benefits and social benefits.

Preparation method of symmetrical aryl iodide onium hydrochloride

Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of symmetrical aryl iodide onium hydrochloride, relating to the field of organic synthesis. The symmetrical aryl iodide onium hydrochloride is obtained by the following steps of: reacting aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, tert-butylbenzene, dodecyl benzene and the like) serving as raw materials with potassium iodate in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid by taking acetic anhydride or acetic acid or a mixture thereof as a solvent to generate corresponding aryl iodide onium hydrochloride; and performing ion exchange in a sodium chloride aqueous solution to obtain the symmetrical aryl iodide onium hydrochloride. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method which has high yield and is convenient for realizing industrial production. The method comprises the following steps of: at an experimental reaction stage, putting potassium iodate and acetic anhydride (acetic acid) into a reaction bottle, dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid slowly and dropwise adding aromatic hydrocarbon for reacting; and during preparation of iodine onium hydrochloride at the end of the reaction, extracting a reaction liquid with an extracting agent, removing unreacted raw materials or other byproducts with high lipid solubility and separating a lower water layer and the sodium chloride aqueous solution out for ion exchange to directly obtain the symmetrical aryl iodide onium hydrochloride at high yield.

Method of production antihypertensive edible salt

Abstract: The invention relates to production of edible salt having prophylactic antihypertensive action and intended for use by common people, for use in food industry and in catering. There proposed a method for producing edible antihypertensive salt comprising by step introduction of iodine-containing additive in salt. The salt composition comprises a mixture of sodium chloride with potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, potassium iodate and substances representing aspartame, ferrocyanide potassium and potassium fluoride. According to the invention a chloride mixture is pre-prepared taken in the salt ratio in the amount of 8-12% total salt mass, introducing by step the iodine-containing additive into the pre-prepared chloride mixture, equal to their summed salt mass, adding by step iodine-containing additive to the prepared chloride mixture and then magnesium sulphate, after which mixing is initiated of the obtained composition with sodium chloride and potassium chloride sequentially alternating them into a mixer according to their proportional amount in the salt. The use of the proposed method provides to produce high-quality edible salt with medical-prophylactic properties intended for reducing sodium consumption and adding into food insufficient amount of potassium, magnesium and iodine.

High-stability non-ionic n-vinylbutyrolactam iodide solution and related formulation method therefor

Abstract: Provided is a method for formulating a high-stability non-ionic N-vinylbutyrolactam iodide solution, comprising dissolving high-stability non-ionic N-vinylbutyrolactam iodide in water, then adding citric acid, a iodine ion stabilizer, a non-ionic surfactant, and an emulsifying agent, and adjusting to pH 5 with a pH adjusting agent. Preferably, the iodine ion stabilizer is potassium iodate, the non-ionic surfactant is Tween 20, the emulsifying agent is polyethylene glycol 200, the pH adjusting agent is sodium hydroxide, and the high-stability non-ionic N-vinylbutyrolactam iodide is formed by complexing PVP-K30 and iodine in the presence of a grinding aid at a temperature of 60-90°C. Also provided is a high-stability non-ionic N-vinylbutyrolactam iodide solution formulated by the method. The high-stability non-ionic N-vinylbutyrolactam iodide solution of the present invention has a high stability, which is convenient for long-term storage and use.