Showing papers on "Preparedness published in 1980"

Evacuation Behavior and Problems: Findings and Implications from the Research Literature.

Abstract: : Research objectives were threefold: (1) to examine what is and is not known about evacuation in peacetime disaster situations; (2) to systematically order and organize the literature and other research data; and (3) to make recommendations from our findings and observations About 150 literature sources and other newly gathered as well as previously gathered research data were examined An analytical model of evacuation behavior was developed positing a relationship between community context, threat conditions, social processes, patterns of behavior including the withdrawal movement, and consequences for community preparedness for evacuation Policy, planning, operational and research implications were derived suggesting future actions and efforts (Author)

Medical basis for radiation accident preparedness

Abstract: The International Conference on The Medical Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness was organized by the staff of the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) of the Medical and Health Sciences Division of Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The philosophical importance of relating, through investigation and education, the intellectual resources of higher education to the important social problems associated with energy, health, and the environment was the foundation of the meeting. The symposium, held under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, was the ninth since 1960 of a series of international conferences addressing the various aspects of radiation accidents. The approach of this most recent conference differed somewhat from that of those preceding it, in that it sought an international review of the gamut of the medical aspects of radiation injury, not only for the experts in the field, but also for other physicians and scientists who, in view of current events, have had the need to know thrust upon them. Individual entries were made for the separate papers.

Peacetime Industrial Preparedness for Wartime Ammunition Production

Abstract: : Defense preparedness, in simplified terms, has two basic dimensions: manpower and materiel. While the public and academic debate over military manpower problems reflects a healthy concern for the readiness of our armed forces, it addresses only one side of the issue. Deserving of equal attention is US preparedness to provide adequate logistical support to the military, which is the general subject area of this study by Colonel Harry Ennis. Specifically, Colonel Ennis examines the capability of US industry to produce sufficient quantities of ammunition to sustain a major conventional war. Although solidly grounded in history, his analysis considers relatively new factors-the 'short war' philosophy, renewed congressional interest, and budgetary constraints-that add a novel dimension to the old guns-versus-butter debate. Colonel Ennis' study of ammunition has the potential for application to other areas of the defense production base and to other essential wartime commodities. To find evidence that logistical support is a major area for concern, we need go no further than the DOD's recent and widely reported 'Nifty Nugget' exercise, which revealed, among other logistical shortcomings, a deficiency of ammunition support for a major conflict in Europe. This monograph is a positive contribution toward alleviating such problems; it suggests relatively simple, cost-effective steps that might strengthen the ammunition and overall defense production capability of the United States.

Support services in the school setting: the nursing model.

Abstract: The multiple components of the school-based services for the handicapped are collapsed into a support service/instructional intent matrix which gives visual expression to new dimensions in school health services. Student needs for care and coping skills are addressed by a network of professional joint-practice arrangements built into a nursing service delivery model. A challenge is made to providers for a reciprocal relationship, to improve professional preparedness and thus promote access, excellence and equity in programs for the handicapped.

The economic and social disruption arising from the snowfall hazard in Scotland—The example of January 1978

Abstract: Disruption to the economy is caused by snowfall according to its physical nature and the state of preparedness of the community. The blizzards in N.E. Scotland in 1978 resulted in significant disruption and high costs. A major deployment of helicopters was a feature of the measures taken to deal with the situation, but preparations to meet such conditions on the frequency with which they may be expected appear to be inadequate.

Major obstacles to effective lrt surface operations. resource paper

Abstract: This paper identifies some of the problems of surface transit that are unique to light rail transit installations. The basic obstacle to efficient light rail transit operations is that planners and designers of these properties tend to gloss over many of the operating problems, and administrators at the policymaking level are not responsive to these matters in the assignment of responsibility and budget. Light rail transit operational problems are categorized and discussed under the broad headings of attitudes, recognition of operating problems, application of traffic-engineering techniques, and preparedness. The lack of positive attitudes toward services provided is shared by transit operations personnel, local officials, and the general public. Some of the operating problems are described to illustrate their variety and extent and to underline the importance of systems planners and managers in understanding the sum of the problems. The application of traffic-engineering techniques requires a mutual understanding of terminology and perceptions by both light rail transit operators and local officials responsible for public streets. Emphasis should be placed on a balanced system wide program of preparedness that then translates into effective routine operations. (Author)

Disaster Planning Guidelines for Fire Chiefs.

Abstract: : This planning guide was prepared by the International Association of Fire Chiefs in fulfillment of a contract with the Federal Emergency Management Agency to identify the extent, level of involvement, cooperation and success of local fire departments in disaster planning. Types of disaster plans, planning elements and relationships among federal, state and local plans are examined as they relate to fire service preparedness and operations. General guidelines are provided for evaluating disaster potential, developing a fire department disaster plan and maintaining disaster resource lists. Checklists, sample plans and bibliography are included for plan development. (Author)

Value of Disaster Critiques as Demonstrated by the Management of two “L” Crashes in the City of Chicago

Abstract: The importance of major urban centers to develop and effectively implement a policy of disaster planning preparedness has been the focus of much discussion. The City of Chicago has been evolving an ever more sophisticated program of disaster preparedness over the past several years.

Emergency Planning and Preparedness before and after Three Mile Island

Abstract: The last bastion of the often touted and quoted "Defense-in-Depth" concept against consequences of accidents at nuclear facilities, which has governed the development of commercial nuclear power for two-andone-half decades in this country, is a proper and effective emergency planning and preparedness program with respect to these facilities. This bastion has not received the support which it deserves. Proper and adequate emergency planning, rather than paying "lipservice" to it, can help alleviate many of the fears surrounding the safe operation of nuclear power facilities. In the past, the old view that emergency planning and preparedness should be "kept in the closet," away from public scrutiny, lest it "stir-up the folks in Toonerville," just won't wash anymore. Three Mile Island has changed all of that, and I look at it as a healthy, up-beat change. This accident has given us a golden opportunity to improve things and we must not fail, collectively, to take advantage of it and to learn from it and to act on it. We are unlikely to have another chance to do so.

Development of Analytical Systems for Evaluation of US Reconstitution and Recovery Programs.

Abstract: : This study identifies economic models and techniques appropriate for use in analysing key issues in preparedness and recovery programs. The potential of each of a component of analytical systems for alternative US postattack reconstruction and recovery environments is evaluated. The research proceeds from a conceptual framework for analysis of the performance of the socioeconomic system in order to define analytical objectives. Analytical issues are related to appropriate techniques. Finally, recommendations are made for a research strategy to develop analytical systems for the assessment of preparedness and recovery programs. (Author)

Intrapartum management of the large infant

Abstract: Preparedness and recognition of suspected complications may prevent or minimize the morbidity often encountered in the labor and delivery of an oversized infant. Risk factors during labor are examined, and effective management at delivery is discussed. Careful attention is given to both maternal and fetal considerations during the birth of a large infant.