Showing papers on "Prosperity published in 1976"
Book•
18 Mar 1976TL;DR: The Joyless Economy as discussed by the authors was the first to apply theories of behaviorist psychology to questions of consumer behavior and to do so in accessible, non-technical language, concluding that people's need for stimulation is so vital that it can lead to violence if not satisfied by novelty, whether in challenging work, art, fashion, gadgets, late model cars, or scandal.
Abstract: When this classic work was first published in 1976, its central tenet--more is not necessarily better--placed it in direct conflict with mainstream thought in economics. Within a few years, however, this apparently paradoxical claim was gaining wide acceptance. Scitovsky's ground-breaking book was the first to apply theories of behaviorist psychology to questions of consumer behavior and to do so in accessible, non-technical language. Setting out to analyze the failures of our consumerist lifestyle, Scitovsky concluded that people's need for stimulation is so vital that it can lead to violence if not satisfied by novelty--whether in challenging work, art, fashion, gadgets, late-model cars, or scandal. Though much of the book stands as a record of American post-war prosperity and its problems, the revised edition also takes into account recent social and economic changes. A new preface and a foreword by economist Robert Frank cover some of these issues. Two revised chapters discuss the assimilation of counter-cultural ideas throughout American society, especially ideas concerning the quality of life. Scitovsky draws fascinating connections between the new elite of college-educated consumers and the emergence of a growing underclass plagued by drugs and violence, perceptively tracing the reactions of these disparate groups to the problems of leisure and boredom. In the wake of the the so-called "decade of greed" and amidst calls for a "kinder, gentler" society, The Joyless Economy seems more timely than ever.
553 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: Archer et al. as mentioned in this paper compare the United States with its most similar New World counterpart, Australia, and find that Australia's unions established a labor party in the late nineteenth century, just when American unions, against a common backdrop of industrial defeat and depression, came closest to doing something similar.
Abstract: Why is the United States the only advanced capitalist country with no labor party? This question is one of the great enduring puzzles of American political development, and it lies at the heart of a fundamental debate about the nature of American society. Tackling this debate head-on, Robin Archer puts forward a new explanation for why there is no American labor party-an explanation that suggests that much of the conventional wisdom about "American exceptionalism" is untenable. Conventional explanations rely on comparison with Europe. Archer challenges these explanations by comparing the United States with its most similar New World counterpart-Australia. This comparison is particularly revealing, not only because the United States and Australia share many fundamental historical, political, and social characteristics, but also because Australian unions established a labor party in the late nineteenth century, just when American unions, against a common backdrop of industrial defeat and depression, came closest to doing something similar. Archer examines each of the factors that could help explain the American outcome, and his systematic comparison yields unexpected conclusions. He argues that prosperity, democracy, liberalism, and racial hostility often promoted the very changes they are said to have obstructed. And he shows that it was not these characteristics that left the United States without a labor party, but, rather, the powerful impact of repression, religion, and political sectarianism.
177 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: Kahn and his associates as discussed by the authors argue that economic growth will continue well into the next century, reaching an eventual worldwide plateau characterized by affluence and a universally high standard of living.
Abstract: In this work the authors, with assistance of the staff of the Hudson Institute, confront the issue of the second half of the twentieth century; whether technological and economic growth tends to destroy mankind or to improve the prospects for peace and prosperity The population explosion, coupled with economic growth, could prove catastrophic within a century, or so say the prophets of doom; therefore, economic growth must be severely limited Mr Kahn and his associates do not agree Not only will the world's population increase at a slower rate, but the world can afford prosperity Studies undertaken at the Hudson Institute suggest that economic growth will continue well into the next century, reaching an eventual worldwide plateau characterized by affluence and a universally high standard of living Asserting that America and the world are at the turning point in history, Mr Kahn and his associates present important facts, assumptions, analyses, and conclusions of these studies in each of the major current problem area--population, energy, mineral resources, food, and environment From these analyses they evolve an affirmative strategy for the future Their vision of the passage through a super-industrial period to a post-industrial era of abundance and fulfillment is sure tomore » be as controversial as the doomsday view it refutes« less
157 citations
TL;DR: The book of crisis and prosperity in sung china, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get as mentioned in this paper, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion and many others are the great friends to join with.
Abstract: New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of crisis and prosperity in sung china, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
47 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: The authors discusses the central-place theory and endogamy in China and finds that the degree of openness of communities was cyclical, reaching a peak during periods of economic prosperity, which is consistent with the hypothesis of the identity of marketing and marriage communities.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the central-place theory and endogamy in China. There is a redundancy of social communication that fosters multiplex relationships among people, and there is also a redundancy of background that furthers understanding. Endogamy as a topic is ambiguous for many reasons, not least because it operates to reduce the strangeness and discontinuities produced by exogamy. Skinner's original hypothesis of the identity of marketing and marriage communities is reasonable in the light of our findings on endogamous groups. Skinner has pointed out that in China, at least, and probably in other places as well, the degree of openness of communities was cyclical, reaching a peak during periods of economic prosperity. Central-place theory is useful not because it allows us to predict the sizes and interrelationships of marriage communities solely from data on marketing. It provides one with a set of possibilities, almost a language, with which one can conceptualize the organization of any kind of social system in which distance is important.
6 citations
TL;DR: The search for and early exploitation of oil and gas in Scottish waters have occurred over a brief time span as mentioned in this paper, and considerable environmental problems have had to be overcome offshore and large servicing and engineering developments have been established onshore.
Abstract: The search for and early exploitation of oil and gas in Scottish waters have occurred over a brief time span. Considerable environmental problems have had to be overcome offshore and large servicing and engineering developments have been established onshore. The latter have generated particular pressures locally on labour supply and on the economic infrastructure of certain regions. The economic potential of oil has raised hopes for Scotland's future prosperity.
6 citations
TL;DR: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was often difficult to distinguish the interests of European financiers and concession holders operating overseas from the political policies of their respective governments as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: It was often difficult in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to distinguish the interests of European financiers and concession holders operating overseas from the political policies of their respective governments. Concessions from a weak regime, in regions where political disorder and economic hardship were apparent, gave the power which held them a basis for the development of political influence in the country; and a basis too for an exclusive sphere of economic enterprise or, in the event of a total disintegration of the native administration, for a sphere of political influence which might follow a general partition among the European powers. In this context, railway enterprise was especially important. Railways promoted trade, and they could bring prosperity and progress to the areas through which they passed. They allowed military mobility too; and could be thus offensive or defensive instruments to be manipulated in accordance with economic and strategic interests.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, crisis and prosperity in Sung China are discussed, and a review of new books is presented, with a focus on the literature review process and the authors' methodology.
Abstract: (1976). Crisis and Prosperity in Sung China. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 85-85.
5 citations
TL;DR: Indonesia's efforts to strengthen the ASEANET and its forceful response to the situation in Portuguese Timor were certain signs that Indonesia was prepared to assume a major political role in Southeast Asia as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: WITH THE COMMUNIST takeover in Indochina, the year 1975 represented the birth of a new era in Southeast Asia, suddenly thrusting Indonesia into the limelight as the largest power in the region and in the eyes of many as the last barrier to further communist advances. Anxiously aware of these new challenges, the Suharto regime responded with a more active posture in its foreign policies, and on the home front with exhortations for a greater commitment to the state "Panchasila" ideology and with promises for a more responsive government and the achievement of greater economic prosperity. Despite these declarations, there remained the question of whether there would be sufficient capacity and will in fulfilling these aspirations. Jakarta's efforts to strength the ASEAN regional organization and its forceful response to the situation in Portuguese Timor were certain signs that Indonesia was prepared to assume a major political role in Southeast Asia. The record of achievement in the economic arena was less convincing as the "Pertamina Crisis" constituted a major setback in slowing the pace of development. Finally, while there seemed to be some movement in the direction of a more open political system, most of the evidence suggested a continued ascendance of the military-technocratbureaucratic alliance as the major edifice of the New Order politics.'
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the foreseeable effect of some of these variables on the Spanish economy after Franco disappears, while avoiding prophecy, they also evaluate the consequences of groups of varyin ideologies competing for power.
Abstract: DURING THE LAST TWENTY YEARS, SPANIARDS HAVE BEEN LED TO concentrate their attention on economic affairs. ‘Enrichissez-vous’ has been the cry of the government to all classes. World prosperity, a modicum of business freedom, some well-timed reforms, a great. deal of enterprising spirit have spelt economic success and an end to persistent underdevelopment. The repression of political activities imposed a political and social consensus conducive to economic growth. However, the time is fast approaching when the enforced political moratorium will come to an end. Groups of varyin ideologies will contend for power. A backlog of problem will have to be attended to. In this article, while avoiding prophecy, I wish to evaluate the foreseeable effect of some of these variables on the Spanish economy after Franco disappears.
TL;DR: The authors found that workers living in communities with different perceived levels of prosperity have different job satisfaction, and that black and white workers in three organizations indicated that they were more satisfied with their jobs than white workers.
Abstract: Data collected from black and white workers in three organizations indicate that workers living in communities with different perceived levels of prosperity have different job satisfaction. A relat...
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In Bophuthatswana, as is the case in most of the developing areas of the world, the people are faced with the problem of a population growth increasing with the speed of a modern express train, whilst increases in food production are more related to the pace of the proverbial ox.
Abstract: In Bophuthatswana, as is the case in most of the developing areas of the world, the people are faced with the problem of a population growth increasing with the speed of a modern express train, whilst increases in food production are more related to the pace of the proverbial ox. In this situation, which has been called ‘the final battle of mankind’, a properly formulated strategy at the right time could make the difference, on the one hand, between general welfare and even prosperity or, on the other hand, poverty and famine.
TL;DR: Oglesby as discussed by the authors argued that during the 19th century, the original Trinity having been Darwinized, we expanded on behalf of God and, incidentally, for a few bucks.
Abstract: During the 19th century, we expanded on behalf of God and, incidentally, for a few bucks. In the 20th, the original Trinity having been Darwinized, we do it for peace, progress and prosperity — and, again incidentally, for a few bucks (Oglesby, 1968:30).
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01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the gulfs in prosperity between the developed and developing countries, and between the rich and poor within the Third World as obscenities, and proposed a third offence to human decency which would be almost as obscene.
Abstract: I have described the gulfs in prosperity between the developed and developing countries, and between the rich and poor within the Third World as obscenities. We could, however, be in process of creating a third offence to human decency which would be almost as obscene. That would be if the two sides in the current quarrel between the two worlds allowed it to escalate so much that they failed to find the necessary compromise, and thus allowed the world to slither into a running, pseudo-ideological struggle in which everyone would suffer but the poor would suffer most of all.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: Holland as mentioned in this paper has attained an economic recovery that well deserves the term miraculous, achieving a national income of $ 4 billion in 1949 to $ 65 billion in 1974, a country whose geographic limitations have been compounded by the recent events of a depression, a military occupation, the dismantling of much of her industrial plant, the loss of established trade channels, and the end of her colonial empire.
Abstract: We have previously characterized Holland’s ecology as a dense population bearing upon limited space and resources. Her geographic limitations have been compounded by the recent events of a depression, a military occupation, the dismantling of much of her industrial plant, the loss of established trade channels, and the end of her colonial empire. Yet by “force of methods” Holland has attained an economic recovery that well deserves the term miraculous. Her national income rose from $ 4 billion in 1949 to $ 65 billion in 1974.1 Undoubtedly the root cause of Holland’s success has been the general rise in world prosperity. A nation whose economy is dependent for over half its income on world trade could never gain such achievements alone. Yet the formulation and coordination of deliberate economic policy aimed at full employment, maximum capital development, and high-level trade balance, could not but help contribute towards the rising national incomes that the nation experienced.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: It is merely another indication of the depth and breadth of the present economic and political crisis that the leading establishment newspaper is found to share the occupational pessimism of the economic pundits.
Abstract: It is merely another indication of the depth and breadth of the present economic and political crisis that the leading establishment newspaper is found to share the occupational pessimism of the economic pundits. During the post-war boom which has recently been so rudely terminated, The Times together with leading politicians regularly assured us that class struggles and crises were things of the past, that a new society was emerging, that, with properly run government, prosperity and expansion were assured. Academics discussed the post-industrial and affluent societies, television programmes began to cover the so-called ‘leisure problem’. Economists were cheery, optimistic men, and the trade-union shop steward was something of a media joke.
TL;DR: The authors examines the United States' increasing dependence on foreign sources for the materials vital to American security and economic prosperity, and assesses the impact of rising mineral imports upon U.S. interests in and current policies toward the Western Hemisphere.
Abstract: THE 1973 ARAB OIL EMBARGO shocked the world. The embargo forced many Western capitols to recognize their economies' growing vulnerability to the developing countries' control over the supply of essential minerals. The action awakened many Third World nations to the possible uses of their raw materials as a lever in the conflict between the have and have-not countries. The Arab oil embargo can thus be seen as the first shot in a new global struggle over the world's riches; the April 1974 United Nations' debate over natural resources was the first major skirmish. The battle will continue. This study examines the United States' increasing dependence on foreign sources for the materials vital to American security and economic prosperity. Its thesis asserts that these national interests dictate that Washington assign a higher priority to our relations with Latin America. The analysis assesses the impact of rising mineral imports upon U.S. interests in and current policies toward the Western Hemisphere. It also evaluates America's long-range policy options to cope with the mineral crisis and ensure a steady supply of raw materials.
TL;DR: There is a zany logic about Roy Licklider's argument that while morality may lead the United States to favor the removal of Soviet control over Eastern Europe, realpolitik-American national interest-requires us to support continued tight Soviet domination.
Abstract: There is a zany logic about Roy Licklider's argument that while morality may lead the United States to favor the removal of Soviet control over Eastern Europe, realpolitik-American national interest-requires us to support continued tight Soviet domination. Licklider contends that since nothing in Eastern Europe seems likely to threaten our territorial integrity, economic prosperity, or social unity, the major American national interest in the area is to prevent thermonuclear war. Removal, or even a weakening, of Soviet control would create a danger of such war; therefore, United States national interest dictates more and better Soviet control. Let us push this argument one step further. If it is valid in Eastern Europe, why not elsewhere? Would it not be in the American national interest to encourage tight Soviet control of other areas which have yet to experience the full blessings of the Brezhnev doctrine, such as Africa, South Asia, the Far East, Latin America? We may just have stumbled on the universal remedy for the ills of this troubled world.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In fact, smoking factory chimneys were the symbol of employment and therefore of prosperity as discussed by the authors and the more chimneys there were, the more work and prosperity there was, and this was the case even in the fifties.
Abstract: Not so very long ago — in the fifties, in fact — smoking factory chimneys were the symbol of employment and therefore of prosperity. The more chimneys there were, the more work and prosperity there was.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that it is necessary to define the term "entrepreneurship" and distinguish the difference, sometimes contradictory, between the phenomenon of dynamic fast growing firms and that of the emergence of new microenterprises of the self-employed that have neither the intention nor the possibility of growing.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship has become a prominent and strategically important issue when talking about the driving forces of prosperity and job creation. However, entrepreneurship seems to be poorly defined. The paper studies central assumptions by questioning what many contemporaries take for granted. The paper shows that it is necessary to define the term "entrepreneurship." Recent arguments should distinguish the difference, sometimes contradictory, between the phenomenon of dynamic fast growing firms and that of the emergence of new microenterprises of the self-employed that have neither the intention nor the possibility of growing. Economic policy debate should specify more precisely what is really meant when talking about entrepreneurship.
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: For example, after December 1822 corn prices began to rise and at harvests the yield from agriculture was once again abundant, and by mid-year it was possible to believe that at last the long-awaited era of continuing post-war prosperity might have actually dawned as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: As the year opened the signs of a definite revival of the economy were becoming more evident. Manufacturing employment continued to expand, wages rose, expectations improved and new capital developments were undertaken in the industrial towns. After December 1822 corn prices began to rise and at harvests the yield from agriculture was once again abundant. By mid-year it was possible to believe that at last the long-awaited era of continuing post-war prosperity might have actually dawned. There was a notable decline of popular agitation in rural areas for parliamentary action.1
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, the economic content of parliamentary debate is analyzed at a point marked by the assembly of a new House of Commons after a general election, and the onset of economic depression in a seemingly new and virulent form, a development which destroyed the promise of continuing prosperity.
Abstract: This analysis of the economic content of parliamentary debate commences at a point marked by the assembly of a new House of Commons after a general election. During the year, David Ricardo joined the House to consolidate and extend the impact on policy making which he had exerted already through his publications. A third feature of our starting point is the onset of economic depression in a seemingly new and virulent form, a development which destroyed the promise of continuing prosperity which the revival of the British economy from the second half of 1817 had appeared to offer.