Showing papers on "Remuneration published in 1975"

Voluntary Action and Voluntary Groups

Abstract: A key problem in the study of voluntary action (voluntary participation, citizen participation, discretionary participation, social participation, common interest ac­ tivity, citizen involvement-all approximate synonyms as used here) is definition. While the struggle for greater definitional clarity as an important step toward developing adequate theories of voluntary action has brought about some agreement on what the definitional issues are, there has been little agreement on how to resolve them (e.g. Pennock & Chapman 1969; Smith, Reddy & Baldwin 1972: Part One; Meister 1972). The approach used here follows the line of Smith, Reddy & Baldwin (1972). Voluntary action is the action of individuals, collectivities, or settlements insofar as it is characterized primarily by the seeking of psychic benefits (e.g. belongingness, esteem, self-actualization) and by being discretionary in nature [not determined primarily by biosocial factors (physiological compulsions in their socialized forms), coercive factors (sociopolitical compulsions backed by a threat of force), or direct remuneration (direct, high-probability payment or benefits of an economic sort)]. This definition is rooted in the motivational theory of Maslow (1954), conforms fairly well to common sociological usage, is broad but not all-inclusive of human social behavior, defines voluntary action positively as well as negatively, is applicable at all major levels of system reference (shifting from individual motivation to a concern for goals as aggregated motivational intents at collectivity and settlement levels), applies fairly well across the usual disciplinary boundaries and intradiscipli­ nary compartments, is broadly connotative and analytical rather than narrowly denotative, is a matter of degree, not a qualitative distinction, and is not rooted in a particular limiting common sense paradigm of a single kind of voluntary action (e.g. "cult," "movement"). The behavior of any actor (individual, collectivity, settlement) can be described in terms of the relative extent to which it is rooted in voluntary intentions (motiva­ tions or goals), biosocial factors, coercive factors, and direct remuneration. Nearly

The HBV Carrier — A New Kind of Leper?

Abstract: Persons in medicine, dentistry, and allied professions have an enormous stake in their continued ability to give direct health care. Forced into administrative and other positions involving no patient contact, even when comparable remuneration is offered, many workers committed to patient care would not find comparable satisfaction. More importantly, they would be unable to use skills both needed by the public and arduously acquired by themselves at the cost of years of deferred income and very hard work. Nonetheless, there is the possibility that an estimated 1 per cent or more of health-care professionals, the carriers of hepatitis B virus . . .

A study of the effect of remuneration upon response in the health and nutrition examination survey, United States.

Abstract: This report describes the design and results of an experiment to test whether a $10.00 payment to participate in the National Health and Nutrition Exarnjnation Survey would significantly increase tlhe response rate for the Survey. response rates of three previous successive health examination surveys conducted by NCHS on 18-79, 6-11, and 12-17year old segments of the U.S. population were very satisfactory. In the early stages of HANES, however , only 64 percent of the sample persons were examined, well below the minimum of 80 percent used as a planning factor. This factor was based on the experience of the past three surveys mcdified by a number of considerations. These considerations, all expected to depress the response rate, included: q the differential sampling plan with respect to family income, sex, and age, q the increased size and complexity of the program, q the lesser appeal of a nutrition survey (compared with a health survey) as demonstrated by the experience of other nutrition surveys , and q the worsening general climate of public attitudes towards surveys and towards the kinds of cooperation required in examination surveys. In an effort to improve the response rate, it was proposed that remuneration be paid to the sample persons if they fully participated in the survey. This report describes a study conducted during HANES to test the effect of remuneration upon response. The design and findings of the study, as well as a comparison of response rates prior to and following implementation of remuneration in HANES, are also described. The design and implementation of the study was a joint effort by the Division of Health Examination Statistics (DHES) and the Office of Statistical Methods (OSM). In addition to the authors of this report, other members of those two programs should be recognized for their participation.queline Kennedy of OSM made important contributions to the design and plan of the study and the preliminary analysis of results. made important contributions to the field operation of the study and in the data preparation aspects.

The pricing behavior of medical groups.

Abstract: This study discusses a model of the pricing behavior of medical groups. Using data collected, by a mail survey, from medical groups in North Carolina, an empirical test of the model is performed. The results suggest that the prices charged by medical groups are positively influenced by the per capita income of the county in which the group is located, and the per physician utilization of medical, technical, and office personnel. They also suggest that for groups in the sample, a non-physician manager and a non-salaried system of remuneration to member physicians are negatively related to the price of medical services. The results of this study also indicate that the managerial structure of group practice is an important area for further research.

Wider Themes — Social Thought and Economic Policy

Abstract: Marshall’s social philosophy and views on economic policy seem to have developed gradually without radical break from their earliest expression, still strongly under Mill’s influence, to the mature form assumed by the time the Principles appeared.1 The stage reached by 1885 is well epitomised in his declaration to the Industrial Remuneration Conference.

Careers: EE minorities and discrimination: Survey results describe how women, Blacks, Oriental and Spanish-surnamed members perceive their status in the profession

Abstract: Apparently minority recruitment programs aren't working when it comes to electrical and electronics engineering. Based on the excellent response (about 40 000 U.S. member respondents, or a 40-percent response) resulting from the 1975 IEEE U.S. Membership Survey, less than 4 percent of the Institute's U.S. membership would appear to be non-Caucasian and only 0.5 percent would appear to be female ? this at a time when the Society of Women Engineers claims that 2 percent of all engineers are women.

Designing Remuneration Systems to Match Managers' Preferences

Abstract: Both theoretical and more practically‐orientated discussions of remuneration systems often centre on the topic of motivation. The discussion may be concerned with whether a particular remuneration system will “motivate” an employee, whether it will fit his needs or whether it is likely to affect his performance. This approach can be called the “motivational” approach.

Why you should publish

Abstract: The author argues that more people should publish because it is in the best interest of the person, and of his company. The author acquires prestige, and sometimes remuneration. The company contributes to and draws on the vast store of knowledge it can not afford to duplicate on its own.