Showing papers on "Rural electrification published in 1985"

Rural electrification and fertility change

Abstract: This article addresses the possible linkage between the spread of electrification in rural areas and subsequent declines in human fertility. Evidence from nine studies in six countries is reviewed and compared. The conclusion from this review is that there is, in fact, some link and that the higher the level of rural electrification the higher is contraceptive prevalence and the lower is the level of fertility. This link appears puzzling at first glance, but the article proposes a conceptual and theoretical framework for interpreting these results and fitting them into accepted theories of fertility. Finally, some important policy implications are discussed and future directions for research indicated.

The Socio-economic impact of rural electrification in Algeria

Abstract: ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on the impact of rural area electrification on economic and social development in Algeria - based on a sample survey, examines power supply, household power consumption, household income, consumer expenditure, and perception of social implications and economic implications; discusses impact on establishments such as shops, factories, public services, farms, etc.; concludes that electrification has social rather than economic benefits; outlines methodology used. Bibliography, organigram and statistical tables.

Impact of rural development projects on demographic behaviour.

Abstract: This volume contains 5 case studies on the demographic impact of economic development projects. These case studies investigate the effects of irrigation rural electrification and colonization projects on population factors. The authors discuss the projects in terms of theoretical approaches data collection procedures analytical methods and policy implications. The final chapter considers methodological issues in assessing the population impact of rural development projects. An addendum tells the history of the International Consortium for the Study of the Population Impact of Rural Development Projects.

Distribution: the years of change

Abstract: The paper covers the development of the distribution system in the south-west of England from nationalisation up to the present time. Early rural electrification problems and developments are discussed, together with standardisation during the period of rapid load and system growth. The influence on an Area Board of the change in the price of basic fuels, together with the effects of recession and adjustment to a continually changing environment, are included. Current problems of system maintenance and replacement, the use of mechanical aids to productivity and the ability to cope with widespread system emergencies are discussed, following on to future trends highlighting the impact of computer and telecommunications technology and information systems leading to an integrated resource management system. The importance of utilisation and the role of professional engineers in marketing and advice to consumers, in industrial, commercial and domestic applications, is stressed. The paper demonstrates the wide breadth of engineering now covered in an electricity supply Area Board.

Rural electrification fertility change and family planning practice in the Southern Philippines: a preliminary analysis.

Abstract: Misamis Oriental province in the Southern Philippines has been served by a large-scale rural electrification project since late 1971. This province also shows a substantial fertility decline from 46/1000 in 1972 to less than 30/1000 in 1975. Data suggest that this decline was largely due to a drop in marital fertility rather than due to changes in the proportion married or the age structure. Surveys show widespread family planning acceptance and practice especially in the electrified areas. This paper tests the hypothesis that rural electrification interacting with other development efforts generated social and economic changes that together with the provision of family planning services created the sharp decline in fertility. This paper creates a specific framework to test the contribution of rural electrification to changes in the socioeconomic and fertility behavior of rural households. The study collected 2 sets of data from electrified and nonelectrified areas in both 468 households and 2 communities. Preliminary regression analyses demonstrate that rural electrification is associated with lower current fertility and higher current use of family planning. Community electricity has an independent positive effect on family planning practice after controlling for other variables. Women who live in areas where socioeconomic opportunities other than continued childbearing are possible are more likely to perceive the importance of family planning and rural electrification may be an impetus to rural residents to consider alternatives.

Designing a model rural energy system for Nigeria.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses designing a model rural energy system for Nigeria. The energy sources studied include fuelwood, charcoal, kerosene, gas, and electricity. These are used in various combinations for the two major uses of cooking and lighting. In general, electricity is not available in rural areas. However, as a result of the national rural electrification program, some small towns inhabited by farmers now have electricity. In such cases, electricity is used almost entirely for lighting. Gas has become a popular source of energy for cooking in urban areas, and various brands of gas are available. One major factor in the choice of cooking fuel is the cost of acquiring the necessary appliances. Thus, most rural inhabitants use fuelwood for cooking because they cannot afford electric or gas stoves. The rural energy research dealing with technological devices is handicapped by the nonavailability of spare parts, which, in turn, results from foreign exchange difficulties. Another handicap is that some of the problems being tackled are already the subject of studies in other institutions with better access to the technological markets.