Showing papers on "Salience (neuroscience) published in 1974"

Salience, induced muscle tension, and the ability to ignore irrelevant information.

Abstract: Two experiments are described that examined the effects of salience and induced muscle tension on subjects' ability to ignore irrelevant information in card sorting tasks The results of the first

Cognitive complexity and salience of dimensions in person perception1

Abstract: It is argued that most algebraic models of person perception have difficulty handling individual differences in practical applications. Carroll and Chang's individual differences multidimensional scaling model (INDSCAL) is shown to have certain desirable properties that make it ideal for work in person perception. The utility of the model is demonstrated by showing that cognitively complex and simple Ss differ predictably in the relative importance they attach to the dimensions underlying their perceptual judgments of people. In particular, it is shown that the perceptual judgments of the cognitively simple Ss are dominated by the affective dimension.

Children's Use of Component Patterns of Faces in Multidimensional Recall Problems.

Abstract: ODOM, RICARD D., and LEMOND, CAROLYN M. Children's Use of Component Patterns of Faces in Multidimensional Recall Problems. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 527--531. Photographs of human faces arranged in a left-to-right array were presented to 6-year-olds and followed by probes to assess the recall of the array location of each photograph. Facial expression and facial identity were varied among the photographs in the array, and the results, like those of perceptual salience research, indicated that recall of the component patterns was affected by the categories to which they belonged. Perceptual sensitization techniques, designed to increase the salience of the expression and identity categories, appeared to affect only the identity category. Overall, the results provide support for the general applicability of a perceptual salience interpretation of the development of problem solving.

Children's attention to stimulus components with variation in relative salience of components and degree of stimulus integration1

Abstract: A total of 400 children at ages 5, 9 and 12 years were given a component selection task with stimuli varying in both color and shape. Component salience was manipulated (across subjects) in two steps, in an effort to redirect attention from the normally dominant shape component toward color: the standard shapes and colors from earlier studies were compared with standard shapes in fluorescent colors, and the latter materials in turn were compared with nonsense shapes in fluorescent colors. For each salience condition, the color was either contained within the shape (integrated stimuli) or served as a background for the shape (nonintegrated stimuli). While fluorescence of color had little effect, the replacement of standard geometric forms with nonsense figures caused a shift in attention toward color and away from shape. This attentional shift became more marked between ages 5 and 9 years; with age, children apparently withdraw attention from the normally dominant feature to an increasing degree, while they adopt another component as the primary cue for stimulus identification. Integration of components did not influence the pattern of salience effects but generally increased attention to color. Comparison of the component selection task with a dimension-preference matching test showed that only the former measure was sensitive to the effects of component salience on attention.