Showing papers on "Salience (neuroscience) published in 1975"
TL;DR: The literature relating individual differences in field dependence to learning and memory is reviewed in four areas: the effects of cue salience in discrimination learning, participant vs. spectator roles in learning, repression as a factor in forgetting, interpersonal orientation on acquisition of social information and on the effectiveness of social reinforcers.
Abstract: The literature relating individual differences in field dependence to learning and memory is reviewed in four areas: (1) the effects of cue salience in discrimination learning; (2) participant vs. spectator roles in learning; (3) repression as a factor in forgetting and (4) the effects of interpersonal orientation on acquisition of social information and on the effectiveness of social reinforcers.
138 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the pre-assessed salience of the relevant dimensions affected matrix solution in that more accurate performance was associated with those problems with both relevant dimensions relatively high in salience than those with one high and one low.
Abstract: The effects of salience on 4- and 6-year-old children's ability to classify multiplicatively was investigated. A rank-ordered salience hierachy consisting of 3 dimensions was first assessed for each S. Several weeks later half the Ss of each age group were presented with a series of 9 3 times 3 matrix problems consisting of values from 2 dimensions ranked high in salience. The remaining half received identically structured matrices consisting of values from 1 highly salient dimension and of others from a dimension ranked low in salience. The goal in each problem was to select that compound stimulus from a set of alternatives that appropriately filled an empty cell in the matrix. Prior to the matrix problems, half the Ss in each matrix condition received sensitization training designed to increase the salience of the relevant dimensions in the matrix problems. The results showed that the pre-assessed salience of the relevant dimensions affected matrix solution in that more accurate performance was associated with those problems with both relevant dimensions relatively high in salience than those with one high and one low. Although the older Ss solved more problems, the evidence for coordination in the younger Ss was clear. No effects of sensitization training were found.
20 citations
TL;DR: There was no evidence for an increase with age in the cognitive ability to select only that information that was relevant to solving the initial problem, and the results were discussed in terms of developmental changes in memory capacity and the absolute salience of the task information.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of both sex and sex role upon the perceptual saliency of person- and space-related information, and it was found that the salience of person related information was higher for females than males.
Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the influence of both sex and sex role upon the perceptual salience of person- and space-related information. It was found that the salience of person-related information was higher for females than males. High-masculinity males found person-related information less salient than any other combined sex and sex-role group. Most importantly, the salience of person-related information was higher for persons who conformed less to their appropriate sex role than those who strongly conformed to their sex role. No sex or sex-role differences were found in the spatial salience measure.
3 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that the larger difference between intradimensional (ID) and extradimensional (ED) shifts with a nonsalient dimension is solely attributable to the improved performance of the ID shift condition, a results which is more consistent with the assumption of complete modifiability of attention.