Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 1976"

Pressurized high temperature fuel cell power plant with bottoming cycle

Abstract: A power plant for the generation of electricity utilizes high temperature fuel cells, such as molten carbonate fuel cells, as its main power supply. Part of the oxidant exhaust stream from the fuel cell is recycled through the fuel cell. Waste energy from the fuel cell in the form of exhaust gases, such as part of the oxidant exhaust, drives a turbocharger for compressing the oxidant used in the fuel cell. In a preferred embodiment the oxidant exhaust also is the source of energy for powering a bottoming cycle, such as a steam driven turbogenerator. Power plant efficiency is improved by making maximum use of the energy and heat generated within the system.

Exhaust system for industrial processes

Abstract: A textile or other industrial machine, of the type where one or a plurality of operations generate a gaseous discharge at a work station, is provided with at least one wall leaving at least one open side and includes an exhaust hood on the top which communicates with the air space above the work station. A first fan communicates with the exhaust hood to withdraw smoke, fumes, vapors and steam from the air space and deliver it to the outside. A second fan draws in fresh, unconditioned outside air and delivers it to a delivery nozzle extending along the front edge of a work table in said work station. An air curtain is thus formed between the delivery nozzle and the aforementioned exhaust hood, whereby the smoke, fumes, vapors and steam are confined within the air space above the work table until withdrawn through the exhaust hood. Further the delivery nozzle provides a surce of fresh air to replace the air withdrawn so that the conditioned air in the workroom surrounding the textile machine is substantially unaffected. In a preferred embodiment, a portion of the exhausted air is recirculated through the air space above the work table prior to being treated by some type of cleaning apparatus, so that the volume of air per unit time passing through the cleaning operation is reduced. Further the amount of outside air drawn into the system is kept to a minimum to prevent air turbulence in the air curtain and rapid temperature changes in and around the work table, which might lead to a fogging problem. In another embodiment, the air delivered to the delivery nozzle at said work table is removed as exhaust air from another operation, such as a drying operation, rather than from the outside, so that the total amount of air drawn in from the outside is minimized.

Synoptic Survey of Hypolimnetic Aeration

Abstract: Hypolimnetic aeration/oxygenation is a means whereby thermal stratification can be maintained in a lake or reservoir and the hypolimnetic waters are oxygenated. Seventeen different hypolimnetic aerator/oxygenator designs are presented and analyzed, categorized as mechanical agitation systems, pure oxygen injection systems, and air injection systems. Air injection systems can be further subdivided into full air lift designs, partial air lift designs and downflow air injection. Of all the systems, the full air lift is probably the most efficient in terms of energy consumed to dissolve a given amount of oxygen. None are in widespread usage.

Ventilating system for industrial machines

Abstract: Contaminated exhaust gases being generated at a work table or work station having one or more open sides adjacent the area above the work table, and normally tending to rise into the atmosphere surrounding the work station, are collected in an exhaust hood which includes an inlet extending parallel to and generally above each of the open sides. A first portion of such exhaust gases collected are passed on to be filtered in conventional pollution abatement equipment; however, a second portion of the contaminated exhaust gases are rerouted and introduced through an air nozzle directed at the aforementioned inlet to the exhaust hood to improve the exhaust gas collecting, as well as reducing the requisite capacity of the filtration equipment and reducing the intake of make up air from the room surrounding the work table.

System to supply air into the exhaust conduit of an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A reed valve device having two reeds capable of selectively closing and opening the corresponding openings formed in the device is snugly fitted in a casing through an elastomeric sealing member without using any other connecting means. The casing communicates with an exhaust conduit system of an internal combustion engine so that the reed valve device functions to intermittently admit air into the exhaust conduit system by the pulsations of the exhaust gas under pressure passing through the exhaust conduit system.

Gas mixture feed system for internal combustion engine

Abstract: A gas mixture feed system provided therein with an exhaust gas recirculating passageway. The gas mixture feed system comprises: a throttle valve; a movable vane operationally associated with the throttle valve to regulate Venturi negative pressure; a variable stage type carburetor provided therein with a fuel metering device controlled by the movable vane; and an exhaust gas recirculating passageway for recirculating part of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to the carburetor. The exhaust gas recirculating passageway has an opening within an intake passageway disposed between the movable vane of the carburetor and the throttle valve, whereby intake air and recirculating exhaust gas are uniformly mixed. Mounted in the exhaust gas recirculating passageway is a control valve which is mechanically connected to the movable vane so as to change the area of opening in accordance with the movement of the movable vane.

Servo controlled exhaust gas recycle system

Abstract: An exhaust gas recycle valve adjusts the amount of exhaust gas returned to the induction manifold and the degree of opening of the recycle valve is controlled by the main throttle valve. In one embodiment of the invention, an extended throttle shaft carries a set of contact strips and a complementary shaft, coupled to the exhaust gas valve, carries contact pins which cooperate with the contact strips to open or close an electrical connection between a power source and an electric motor. When the strips and the pins are rotated relative to one another, as when the throttle is moved, the motor is energized and adjusts the position of the exhaust gas valve until the relative position of the strips and the pins is again such as to interrupt conduction.

Exhaust emissions from a premixing, prevaporizing flame tube using liquid jet A fuel

Abstract: Emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons were measured in a burner where liquid Jet A fuel was sprayed into the heated air stream and vaporized upstream of a perforated plate flameholder. The burner was tested at inlet air temperatures at 640, 800, and 833 K, an inlet pressure of 5.6 X 100,000 N/m squared, a reference velocity of 25 m/sec, and equivalence ratios from lean blowout to 0.7. Nitrogen oxide levels of below 1.0 g NO2/kg fuel were obtained at combustion efficiencies greater than 99 percent. The measured emission levels for the liquid fuel agreed well with previously reported premixed gaseous propane data and agreed with well stirred reactor predictions. Autoignition of the premixed fuel air mixture was a problem at inlet temperatures above 650 K with 104 msec premixing time.

Regenerative-filter-incinerator device

Abstract: A regenerative-filter-incinerator device, for use in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of the diesel type, includes a drum-like regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly rotatably mounted within a housing that is adapted to be installed directly in the exhaust gas stream discharged from a diesel engine as close to the engine as possible, the regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly provides an inner chamber which serves as a reaction chamber for the secondary combustion of exhaust gases including particulates discharged from the engine. The regenerative-heat exchanger-filter assembly includes a plurality of separately rotatable heat exchange-filter elements pervious to radial flow of fluid therethrough and adapted to filter out particulates from the exhaust gases and to carry them into the reaction chamber. During engine operation, the reaction chamber is provided with a quantity of heat, as necessary, to effect secondary combustion of the exhaust gases and particulates by means of an auxiliary heat source and the heat generated within the reaction chamber is stored in the individual heat exchange-filter elements during the discharge of exhaust gases therethrough from the reaction chamber and this heat is then transferred to the inflowing volume of the exhaust gases so that, in effect, exhaust gas is discharged from the device at substantially the same temperature as it was during its inlet into the device from the engine.

Secondary air supply system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: A non-return air flow system for supplying secondary air into the exhaust system of internal combustion engines by utilizing pulsating flow of exhaust gases in the exhaust system, wherein the critical valve opening pressure for a check valve incorporated in the non-return system is varied in accordance with intake air flow rate of the engine so that supply of secondary air is effected in proportion to air intake of the engine.

Closed-loop emission control apparatus for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines having a plurality of exhaust systems

Abstract: A closed-loop emission control apparatus for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having a plurality of exhaust systems includes an exhaust composition sensor for each exhaust system and a failure detector responsive to the output from each exhaust composition sensor. The air-fuel ratios of the exhaust systems are controlled by a signal whose amplitude is representative of a mean value of the concentration values of the exhaust composition sensed by both working sensors, and in response to the output from the failure detector the ratios are controlled by a valid signal from a working sensor should the other fail.

Exhaust gas recirculating device in an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculating device for recirculating the exhaust gas into the intake passage from the exhaust system. A number of the exhaust gas outlet ports are formed on the inner wall of the intake passage at a distance from each other around the stem of the intake valve so that the combustible mixture introduced from the intake passage and the recirculated exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas outlet ports are alternately stratified in the combustion chamber.

Exhaust gas purifier in an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifier in an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and two separate exhaust manifolds. Two separate exhaust pipes are connected to the corresponding exhaust manifolds, one of the exhaust pipes being joined with the other exhaust pipe. The recirculated exhaust gas is extracted from the one exhaust pipe and is delivered into the air intake system. Secondary air is fed into the other exhaust manifold.

Method of controlling air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engine and a system therefor

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system, a mixture control system is provided to control the air-to-fuel ratio of the mixture to be produced in the mixture supply system toward a predetermined level which is optimum for enabling the converter to operate to its capacity, wherein the control system includes an exhaust sensor which detects the concentration of a predetermined type of chemical component of the exhaust gases for monitoring the air-to-fuel ratio of the mixture delievered to the engine cylinders and which is located downstream of the branch portions of the exhaust manifold and upstream of the catalytic converter. The exhaust sensor may be provided with cooling means to be in play when the engine is operating under full-power conditions.

Air-fuel ratio sensing device for internal combustion engine

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio sensing device for an air-fuel ratio control system of an internal combustion engine, which device includes a sensing element exposed to exhaust gases passing through an exhaust gas passageway. A housing surrounding the sensing element has a plurality of openings to admit the exhaust gases into the housing, and a plurality of temperature responsive valves associated with the openings, respectively, which are closed when the exhaust gases exceed an excessively high temperature to prevent the sensing element from being deteriorated due to excessively high temperature of the exhaust gases.

Internal combustion engine equipped with catalytic converter

Abstract: An internal combustion engine equipped with a catalytic converter for catalytically purifying the exhaust gases discharged from the combustion chambers of the engine. The oxygen-combustibles ratio of the exhaust gases introduced to the catalytic converter is normally controlled to a predetermined level suitable for the reaction within the catalytic converter in response to the composition of the exhaust gases upstream of the catalytic converter. However, the secondary air is continuously supplied to the catalytic converter regardless of the oxygen-combustibles ratio of the exhaust gases during cold start or warmup of the engine to rapidly raise the temperature within the catalytic converter to a level over which the catalytic converter effectively functions.

Apparatus for recycling exhaust

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling exhaust gas for reducing noxious portions in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, wherein the flow of exhaust gas between an exhaust gas tapping point on the exhaust manifold and a tapping point on the intake manifold is controlled by an EGR-valve subjected to a controlled suction pressure at the intake manifold through the intermediary of a pressure converter, such that the amount of exhaust gas recycled at low engine loads is proportionately reduced in relation to engine mixture rate to provide a lower ratio of recycled gas to mixture rate at low loads as compared to the ratio at high loads.

Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines having controlled exhaust gas recycling

Abstract: What follows is a description of various exemplary embodiments of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recycling controlled by a throttle valve situated in the suction tube of the system. The throttle valve is in turn controlled by a servomotor having a displaceable piston connected to the throttle valve. The piston is displaceable against a variable restoring force exerted against it and produces displacements of the throttle valve between two positions, one corresponding to a fully opened position of the throttle valve and closed exhaust gas recycling line, and the other corresponding to a substantially closed throttle valve.

System for introducing secondary air into an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A system for introducing secondary air into an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of the carburetor type provided with a three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust system is disclosed. The system includes a flow control valve which has a valve member operated by a vacuum signal in the engine intake system for controlling the amount of secondary air flowing into the engine in accordance with electric signals sent from a λ-sensor which is arranged in an exhaust system of the engine so that the excess air ratio λ of the exhaust gas introduced into the three-way catalytic converter is controlled near 1.0, which is a suitable ratio for the operation of the three-way catalytic converter. The system further includes means for operating the valve member quickly so that the excess air ratio λ is rapidly controlled near 1.0; therefore, an effective cleaning operation of the three-way catalytic converter is expected.

Air/fuel ratio control system for internal combustion engine having compensation means for variation in output characteristic of exhaust sensor

Abstract: In a feedback control system for maintaining the air/fuel ratio of a combustible mixture fed to an internal combustion engine at a preset ratio based on the output of an exhaust sensor, a control signal producing circuit having a proportional amplifier and/or an integrator is constructed so as to vary the proportionality constant or the time constant for the integration in dependence on the temperature and flow velocity of the exhaust gas, with a purpose of avoiding an error in the control attributable to a variation in the output characteristic of the exhaust sensor with variations in the condition of the exhaust gas by superficially shifting the aim of the control from the preset ratio to a provisional ratio.

System to feed exhaust gas into the intake manifold

Abstract: A restrictor in an exhaust gas feed conduit to the intake manifold has therein an opening operable to allow the exhaust gases passing through the opening to have a sonic velocity. A valve operates in response to the flow rate of the intake air passing through the carburetor for proportionally controlling the flow rate of the feeding exhaust gases with that of the intake air. The flow rate communicated to the valve has an atmospheric bleed controlled by a solenoid valve energized by a transmission switch.

Engine exhaust port liner system

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liner for an exhaust port system of an internal combustion engine for reducing heat loss from the exhaust gas to facilitate combustion of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and oxidation of unburned carbon monoxide (CO). The exhaust port liner is rigidly secured at one end thereof to the exhaust port and is supported at its other end by means of a peripheral sealing ring to provide an airtight liner which is free sliding at said other end to accommodate expansion and contraction of the exhaust port liner by the exhaust gas passing therethrough.

Exhaust gas recirculator for purification of emission from an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculator for purification of emission from an internal combustion engine characterized in that an exhaust gas recirculation pipe links the intake manifold and the exhaust pipe connected to the engine cylinder, midway in which is inserted a recirculation control valve acting by the negative pressure of the intake manifold. An orifice with its sectional area variable in the displacement direction of the valve body is provided in the chamber of the recirculation control valve, and a desired flow characteristic of the exhaust gas is obtained by the setting of the orifice configuration.

Vapor injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: Apparatus for supplying an air-vapor mixture to an air intake chamber in communication with an air intake passageway of a carburetor under acceleration conditions of an internal combustion engine. The air intake chamber has a valved inlet opening through which normal atmospheric air is supplied to the carburetor under normal operating conditions. Upon operation of the accelerator control means, a steam or vapor operated air injection means is actuated. The steam or vapor is admixed in the air injector nozzles with the mixture being discharged into the air intake chamber. This increases the pressure in the chamber causing the valve in the atmospheric air inlet to close. The air-vapor mixture then becomes the sole air supply to the air intake passage of the carburetor.

First and second air feeding means to regulate a/f ratio wherein second air feed requires two signals for actuation

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine, comprising a catalytic converter containing a three way catalyzer therein, a first oxygen sensor disposed in the exhaust passage, and an air-fuel ratio regulating means for regulating an air-fuel ratio of the mixture fed into the cylinder of the engine so as to conform it to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in response to an output signal of said first oxygen sensor over a larger range of running conditions of a vehicle. Said exhaust gas purifying device further comprises a second oxygen sensor located downstream of the catalytic converter, and a secondary air feeding device located upstream of the catalytic converter for regulating the feeding of a secondary air into the exhaust gas in response to an output signal of said second oxygen sensor so that the ratio of the air consisting of said secondary air and air contained in the mixture introduced into the cylinders of the engine to the fuel contained in the mixture introduced into the cylinders is made equal to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio at the time of acceleration, deceleration and gear-shifting.

Internal combustion engine exhaust gas after-burning system

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer supplies fuel into a thermal reactor for promoting oxidative purification of unburned components of exhaust gases in presence of secondary air. The additional fuel is injected upstream into the gas stream flowing through a conduit to the fuel vaporizer.

Ventilating arrangement for an engine compartment

Abstract: Ventilating and cooling arrangement for an engine compartment of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine of the type having a radiator for recooling the engine coolant by means of ambient air. A ring radiator is provided which is housed in an air conducting housing which is separate from the engine compartment. The air conducting housing is configured to form two radiator exhaust air chambers at respective different peripheral circumferential positions along the radiator. A first of the exhaust air chambers communicates a portion of the exhaust air from the radiator directly to the engine compartment as engine compartment cooling and ventilation air. The other of the exhaust air chambers communicates the remaining portion of the exhaust air directly from the radiator to the surrounding atmosphere in bypassing relationship to the engine compartment. Air outlets from the second-mentioned exhaust air chamber are disposed above the air outlets from the engine compartment to improve ventilation flow characteristics in the engine compartment.

Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume

Abstract: There is provided a heat exchanger system for transfer of heat in the warm exhaust air from a mine to the cold input air flow to the mine. In the system there is provided a heat supply means, which supplies heat, recovered from the exhaust air, to the input air heat exchanger when an exhaust air heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting.

Marine propulsion device having increased reverse thrust

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a marine propulsion device which comprises an engine having an exhaust port for discharging exhaust gas, and which also comprises a lower unit having an exhaust tube in communication with the exhaust port. The lower unit includes a cavitation plate submerged in water during idle engine operation, and an exhaust outlet in communication with the exhaust tube. The exhaust outlet affords discharge of the exhaust gas below the cavitation plate. The lower unit includes an outer wall including an outlet, which outer wall outlet is located above the cavitation plate and submerged in water during idle engine operation. The lower unit also incudes a passage in communication with the exhaust tube and the outer wall outlet. The passage affords, during reverse engine operation, discharge of a portion of the exhaust gas from the exhaust tube out the outer wall outlet.