Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 1991"
Patent•
08 Aug 1991
TL;DR: An antimicrobial wound dressing and method of wound treatment, the wound dressing having a layer of a collagen dressing material impregnated with lyophilized, stabilized chlorine-containing compounds which generate on activation chlorine dioxide, like a mixture of sodium chlorate and sodium chlorite, and an adjacent layer secured thereto containing a dry, activating amount of an acidic compound, such as citric acid, whereby moisture from the wound activates the dry chlorine moiety to treat the wound as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An antimicrobial wound dressing and method of wound treatment, the wound dressing having a layer of a collagen dressing material impregnated with lyophilized, stabilized chlorine-containing compounds which generate on activation chlorine dioxide, like a mixture of sodium chlorate and sodium chlorite, and an adjacent layer secured thereto containing a dry, activating amount of an acidic compound, such as citric acid, whereby moisture from the wound activates the dry chlorine moiety to treat the wound.
40 citations
Patent•
09 Apr 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to decrease the amount of by-produced chlorine and waste liquid in the conventional process for the production of chlorine dioxide by dividing the reaction zone into two zones and using different reducing agents in each reaction zone.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To decrease the amounts of by-produced chlorine and waste liquid in the conventional process for the production of chlorine dioxide by the reaction of sodium chlorate with hydrochloric acid as a reducing agent by dividing the reaction zone into two zones and using different reducing agents in each reaction zone. CONSTITUTION:In the production of chlorine dioxide by the reaction of sodium chlorate with a reducing agent, the reaction zone is divided into two zones A and B. Sodium chlorate 3, methanol 5, hydrochloric acid 6 and sulfuric acid 4 are supplied to the reaction zone A (ClO2 generation tank 1) and made to react with each other. Hydrochloric acid 9 is added to the waste liquid 8 of the zone A in the reaction zone B (ClO2 generation tank 7) and reacted to decompose the residual sodium chlorate. The objective chlorine dioxide is separated from the mixed gas 11 consisting of chlorine dioxide and chlorine generated from the reaction zones A and B. For example, the mixed gas 11 is introduced into an absorption column 12, chlorine dioxide is absorbed in cold water 13 and recovered as ClO2 water 14 and the residual chlorine is absorbed in an alkali 16 in the absorption column 15 and recovered as a hypochlorite solution 17. The waste liquid 18 is composed mainly of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate and is used as a black liquor for pulp digestion.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a scale that characterizes the acidity of solutions containing sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate and determined the effect of a third ingredient, sodium chlorate, on acidity function.
Abstract: The purpose of the work was to develop a scale that characterizes the acidity of solutions containing sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate and to determine the effect of a third ingredient, sodium chlorate, on the acidity function
8 citations
Patent•
07 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of removing sulfate ion from an aqueous sodium chlorate liquor is described, where a crystallization temperature is selected between about -15 and about 0°C and the maximum concentration of sodium chlorates that is soluble in the liquor at that temperature is determined.
Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing sulfate ion from an aqueous sodium chlorate liquor. A crystallization temperature is selected between about -15 and about 0°C and the maximum concentration of sodium chlorate that is soluble in the liquor at that temperature is determined. The liquor is diluted so that the concentration of sodium chlorate in the liquor is less than that maximum concentration and the liquor is cooled to that temperature so that the sulfate ion in the liquor crystallizes as sodium sulfate decahydrate but the sodium chlorate does not crystallize.
6 citations
Patent•
12 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the acidity is maintained, completely or partially, with acid produced by the electrolysis of a solution of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 or Na3H[SO4]2).
Abstract: The continuous generation of chlorine dioxide by reduction of sodium chlorate with sulphur dioxide, sodium chloride, methanol or some other suitable reluctant requires acid reaction conditions. According to the invention, the acidity is maintained, completely or partially, with acid produced by the electrolysis of a solution of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 or Na3H[SO4]2). This sulphate is obtained by crystallization and redissolution of sodium sulphate formed in the chlorine dioxide generating process. The electrolysis of the sodium sulphate is limited for reasons of efficiency, such that only a part of the sulphate is decomposed to acid, whereas the remainder is recycled together with the acid to the reactor, where chlorine dioxide is generated. Sodium hydroxide, oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are also formed during the process of electrolysis and are utilized within the pulp manufacturing process.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the determination of trace amounts of anthraquinonesulfonates (ASs) in environmental samples such as river water and soils was described.
Abstract: A method is described for the determination of trace amounts of anthraquinonesulfonates (ASs) in environmental samples such as river water and soils. ASs in aqueous samples were adsorbed on Dowex WGR weakly anion exchange resin and eluted with 1.5M hydrochloric acid. The eluates were converted into volatile chloroanthraquinones by chlorine substitution using sodium chlorate in hydrochloric acid solution and determined by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM). Soil samples were treated similarly to aqueous samples after sonication with distilled water at 80°C. The detection limits for sodium anthraquinone-1-sulfonate (1-AS) and sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (2-AS) were 0.005ng and 0.02ng, respectively, with 1μl of injected sample. The recoveries of 1-AS and 2-AS from river water and soil samples were over 86% and 62% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 7% (n=7). This method is capable of simultaneous determination of ASs with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity to be applicable to environmental samples.
4 citations
TL;DR: For example, this article reported that 27.27% of the users were dissatisfied with the quality of the service provided by the service provider, and 27.7% of all users reported dissatisfaction with the service.
Abstract: 塩素酸ナトリウムは,およそ270℃で融解し,600℃付近で分解する.本研究では,27種類の金属酸化物を触媒として用い塩素酸ナトリウムの熱分解による酸素発生について,研究した。その結果,金属酸化物の添加により分解温度の低下が観測されたが,融解温度にはほとんど変化がみられなかった。このことから,金属酸化物は溶融した塩素酸ナトリウムに対し触媒として作用し,その結果,低温で酸素発生が測定されることが判明した。また,触媒による塩素酸ナトリウムの分解機構についても検討を行った。
3 citations
2 citations
Patent•
20 Jun 1991
Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is produced at high efficiency by reduction of sodium chlorate with methanol in an aqueous acid reaction medium at a total acid normality below 7 with the reaction medium being at its boiling point while a subatmospheric pressure is applied thereto and having a chlorate concentration of at least about 20 molar By employing such conditions, the tendency is eliminated for the reaction to be subject to white-outs in the absence of added chloride ion In this way, the chlorine content of product aqueous chlorine dioxide solution arising from this source is eliminated
2 citations