Showing papers on "Subgroup analysis published in 1988"
TL;DR: The data suggest that β-blockers particulary those without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) improve long-term survival after myocardial infarction and platelet-active drugs reduce the rate of reinfarctions and may have a beneficial effect on survival.
Abstract: Secondary prevention trials after myocardial infarction have been compared and reviewed. The data suggest that beta-blockers particularly those without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) improve long-term survival after myocardial infarction. Platelet-active drugs reduce the rate of reinfarctions and may have a beneficial effect on survival. In contrast lipid-lowering regimens, anticoagulants, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmics have not shown convincing beneficial effects on survival thus far. Difficulties with subgroup analysis and statistical evaluation of treatment effects are discussed.
10 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: This book discusses Randomized Trials of Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer, the Value of Small Clinical Trials, and a Predictive Approach to Selecting the Size of a Clinical Trial, Based on Subjective Clinical Opinion.
Abstract: Scientific Fundamentals.- The Crooked Path Toward the Objectivation of Therapeutic Experience.- Randomised Trials: The Case for Science in Medicine.- A Critical Assessment of Approaches to Improving the Efficiency of Cancer Clinical Trials.- Statistical Standards for Protocols and Protocol Deviations.- The Design of Cancer Prevention Trials.- Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.- Strategies for Subgroup Analysis in Clinical Trials.- Statistical Tools for Subset Analysis in Clinical Trials.- Competing Risks, Interactions and Crossing Hazards.- Significance Testing in the Comparison of Survival Curves from Clinical Trials of Cancer Treatment.- Estimating the Magnitude of Benefits from Adjuvant Therapy.- Treatment by Protocol: Assessment of Gains and Losses.- On Combining Information: Historical Controls, Overviews, and Comprehensive Cohort Studies.- The Use of Data Bases and Historical Controls in Treatment Comparisons.- Limitations and Advantages of Meta-analysis in Clinical Trials.- Overview of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer.- Overview of Randomized Trials of Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer.- Combining Randomized and Nonrandomized Patients in the Statistical Analysis of Clinical Trials.- The Comprehensive Cohort Study: The Use of Registry Data to Confirm and Extend a Randomized Trial.- Subjective Opinions and Informed Consent.- Treatment Decisions in Breast Cancer.- Randomization and Follow-up Care of Patients in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial: Personal Experience.- Alternative Treatments for Small Cancers of the Breast: Motives and Preferences of Patients Having to Choose.- Subjective Theories on Etiology and Treatment of Cancer.- Individual Cases and the Scientific Method-A Conflict? Legal Aspects of Cancer Clinical Trials in the Federal Republic of Germany.- The Value of Small Clinical Trials.- A Predictive Approach to Selecting the Size of a Clinical Trial, Based on Subjective Clinical Opinion.- Statistical Properties and Use of Sequential Methods in Randomized Clinical Trials when the Response Criterion Is Censored.- Assessment of Quality of Life.- Measurement of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Therapy.- A Modular Approach to Quality-of-Life Assessment in Cancer Clinical Trials.- Effects of Breast Conservation on Psychological Morbidity Associated with Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Breast Cancer.- Evaluation of Psychosocial Aspects in a Breast Preservation Trial.
7 citations
TL;DR: There is a need to differentiate between ‘intention-to-treat’ analysis and ‘on-treatment’Analysis, and more attention should probably be paid to patient selection, goal specificity, and size of study population, particularly in chronic studies.
Abstract: A number of major clinical trials have addressed the issue of the management of hypertension, but only a few have looked exclusively at elderly patients. While these trials have brought about new approaches to the chronic management of hypertension, they have failed to answer several important questions, partly because the methodologies employed in individual trials do not permit inter-trial comparability. Other questions that have not yet been answered involve the use of non-pharmacologic approaches, in particular dietary means of controlling elevated blood pressure, the specificity of end-points (how much does blood pressure have to be lowered to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sequelae?), and how results from large-scale trials can be related to the practice of the individual practitioner. Importantly, quality-of-life issues, often still tested by means developed for young patients, have assumed great import and their study should be pursued vigorously. As far as trial methodology is concerned, there is a need to differentiate between ‘intention-to-treat’ analysis and ‘on-treatment’ analysis. Subgroup analysis should be considered and more attention should probably be paid to patient selection, goal specificity, and size of study population, particularly in chronic studies.
2 citations