Showing papers on "Substitute natural gas published in 1969"

Process for the production of methane containing gases

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GAS CONTAINING A HIGH PROPORTION OF METHANE (E.G. 90% OR MORE) COMPRISES: (I) INTRODUCING A PREHEATED MIXTURE OF STEAM AND THE VAPOUR OF A PREDOMINANTLY PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK HAVING A FINAL BOILING POINT OF NOT MORE THAN 300*C. (E.G. NAPHTHA) INTO A FIRST CATALYTIC REACTION ZONE IN WHICH THE MIXTURE REACTS IN THE PRESENCE OF A STEAM REFORMING CATALYST TO GIVE A GAS CONTAINING METHANE, HYDROGEN, CARBON OXIDES AND UNDECOMPOSED STEAM; (II) COOLING THE GAS PRODUCED IN STAGE (I) BY ADDING A FURTHER QUANTITY OF AT LEAST ONE OF THE REACTANTS; (III) INTRODUCING THE GASEOUS MIXTURE FORMED IN STAGE (II) INTO A SECOND CATALYTIC REACTION ZONE IN WHICH THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE MIXTURE REACT IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST TO INCREASE THE PROPORTION OF METHANE IN THE MIXTURE; AND (IV) REMOVING STEAM AND CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE GAS LEAVING THE SECOND CATALYTIC REACTION ZONE. THE GAS MAY BE USED AS A SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS. IN BOTH STAGES (I) AND (III) THE TEMPERATURE IS KEPT AS LOW AS POSSIBLE, DEPENDING ON THE CATALYST: FOR EXAMPLE, STAGE (I) MAY BE OPERATED AT A CATALYST BED TEMPERATURE OF 400-500*C., AND STAGE (III) SUCH THAT THE OUTLET TEMPERATURE IS 200-250*C., WHEN A LOW TEMPERATURE STEAM REFORMING CATALYST IS USED IN BOTH STAGES. THE REACTION ZONE IN STAGE (III) MAY BE INTERNALLY COOLED, AT LEAST AT THE OUTLET END OF THE ZONE. THE COOLING IN STAGE (II) IS PREFERABLY ACHIEVED BY ADDING COLD HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK.

Purification of hydrocarbon oils

Abstract: IN A PROCESS FOR DESULPHURISING HYDROCARBON DISTILLATE OILS, A MIXTURE OF THE OIL VAPOUR AND A CARBON OXIDE-CONTAINING HYDROGENATING GAS IS PASSED OVER (A) A HYDRODESULPHURISATION CATALYST AND THEN (B) A MATERIAL CAPABLE OF ABSORBING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND RAPIDLY ELIMINATING ANY CARBONYL SUPHIDE PRESENT EITHER BY ABSORBING THE CARBONYL SULPHIDE OR BY CONVERTING IT TO HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND ABSORBING THE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE. THE HYDROGENATING GAS MAY BE A LEAN GAS, A TOWN GAS, A RICH GAS, OR A SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS PRODUCED BY STEAM REFORMING THE DESULPHURISED DISTILLATE OIL. THE MATERIAL USED IN STAGE (B) IS PREFERABLY ZINC OXIDE. THE PROCESS IS CAPABLE OF ATTAINING A VERY HIGH DEGREE OF PURIFICATION (E.G. 0.2 P.P.M. OR LESS). WHEN A HIGH DEGREE OF PURIFICATION CANNOT BE ATTAINED BY USE OF A SINGLE PAIR OF STAGES (A) AND (B), THE DESIRED DEGREE OF PURIFICATION CAN BE ATTAINED BY PASSING THE MIXTURE OVER (C) A ZINC OXIDE-COPPER OXIDE COMPOSITION OR BY REPEATING THE STAGES (A) AND (B).