Showing papers on "Substitute natural gas published in 1976"

Process for acid gas removal from gaseous mixtures

Abstract: A hybrid physical-chemical absorbent process using the interrelation between a physical solvent and a H 2 S selective chemical solvent for removal of CO 2 and sulfur containing compounds, principally H 2 S from a mixed gas stream. This process is especially useful in processes such as coal gasification where the incoming stream to the acid gas removal process is at about 1100 psia, 70° F., contains about 15 to 40 mole percent CO 2 at a mole ratio of CO 2 /H 2 S of about 25 to 50. In such cases the product stream contains less than 1 ppm sulfur and less than 3 mole percent CO 2 which is suitable for production of substitute natural gas while the CO 2 atmospheric effluent contains less than 7 ppm sulfur.

Oil and gas from coal

Abstract: Conversion can be accomplished by several tested processes. The present effort is to combine such processes in a large-scale system that will manufacture the oil and gas at reasonable cost. A plant making oil and gas from coal must be located at the mine; otherwise the cost of moving from 25,000 to 100,000 tons of coal per day would make the plant uneconomical. Coal varies considerably from one area to another, and energy markets also vary from region to region. For example, in the Appalachian region the coal is bituminous and high in volatiles; on the northern Great Plains it is lignite. The coal refinery described, combining extraction, hydrogenation, and Fischer--Tropsch synthesis, can be adapted to fit the characteristics of any coal, and the mixture of products can be adjusted to any market. To achieve a capacity of a million barrels per day of synthetic fuel calls for a vigorous Government program. The creation of a synthetic-oil industry would assure the nation of ample supplies of oil and gas. Moreover, the synthetic fuels would act as a ceiling on the price of crude oil from abroad. At the same time the country would have the assurance that it was nomore » longer dependent on foreign supplies of oil. (LTN)« less

Substituted natural gas via hydrocarbon steam reforming

Abstract: A multiple-stage hydrocarbon steam reforming process for producing a methane-rich substitute natural gas. A portion of the first stage efluent is condensed, water is removed therefrom and the remainder is recycled to combine with the fresh charge stock to the first stage. Following one stage of methanation, or shift conversion, both steam and carbon dioxide are removed prior to effecting additional reactions in a second methanation stage.

Purification process for coal gas methanation

Abstract: Case 5522 IMPROVED PURIFICATION PROCESS FOR COAL GAS METHANATION Abstract of the Disclosure An improved method for removing sulfur compounds during coal gas methanation comprising removing essentially all carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from synthesis gas, then adding carbon dioxide containing lower levels of sulfur back to the gas stream before feeding the mixture to a desulfurization reactor. Carbon dioxide, at levels above about 12 percent, will prevent high temperature methana-tion runaways in the hydrodesulfurization reactor, where a stream consisting essentially of hydrogen sulfite and methanation materials is produced, the lower level of hydrogen sulfite produced being removed by conventional methods before proceeding to methanation units. The carbon dioxide can be supplied either from an outside source or can be obtained from the synthetic natural gas after methana-tion.

Hydrogasification of cattle manure to pipeline gas

Abstract: Results of batch studies are presented that establish that manures are readily convertible to synthetic natural gas, SNG, by the direct reaction with hydrogen. Yields of methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, carbon conversions, and hydrogen consumption and their dependency on the hydrogen/waste feed ratio and reaction temperature are reported for dried cattle manure. With dried cattle manure, it was found possible to produce acceptable SNG after simply scrubbing out the CO/sub 2/ thus eliminating the methanation step required for other SNG processes which use coal, oil or naphtha as feed stocks.

Heterogeneous Catalyst Preparation: The Fabrication of Microstructures

Abstract: Publisher Summary High metal content catalysts—such as steam reforming, water gas shift, and methanation—are frequently prepared by using precipitation from aqueous solution as a key stage in forming a high area well dispersed metal plus support structure. This chapter presents an analysis of the most important factors that determine this structure with particular reference to the copper, nickel, and iron-based catalysts used in substitute natural gas (SNG) and ammonia production. The chief feature of good industrial catalysts in this field is not so much that they catalyze the correct reactions with adequate degree of selectivity but rather that they have high activity and long life. The chapter discusses the essential quantitative effects of the various stages in catalyst preparation on the metal surface area and strength of the catalyst in use. In addition to high stabilized metal surface area and mechanical strength, the reduced catalyst must have adequate porosity to enable diffusional access for the reagents and egress for the products.

High Btu gas from coal: status and prospects

Abstract: A generalized process scheme for making substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal is presented in the form of a flowsheet. The Lurgi, Koppers-Totzrk, and Winkler processes are described on a commercial scale. The Hygas, Carbon Dioxide Acceptor, Synthane, Bi-gas, and Agglomerated Ash processes are described on a pilot plant scale. Diagrams of the gasifiers for all the processes are included. (EJH)