Showing papers on "Toilet published in 1999"

Instruction, Timeliness, and Medical Influences Affecting Toilet Training

Abstract: Contemporary toilet training derives from two accepted models: child-oriented gradual training and structured-behavioral, endpoint-oriented training. The former approach views toilet training as a process by which a parent systematically responds to a child's signals of toilet “readiness,” whereas the latter views toilet training as a process of eliciting a specific chain of independent toileting behaviors. Practically speaking, contemporary theoretic constructs of toileting behavior diverge with respect to training endpoints (ie, defined differently or deemphasized altogether), emphasis on self-esteem, development of goals, and timing of initiation. A scientific basis cannot be established for a universal timeline for toilet training, because each method has its own definition of the toilet training process. It remains unclear, for example, how long children must remain bowel- and bladder-continent to be considered trained, and to what extent children should be able to toilet themselves independently of caregivers.1 Both child-oriented gradual and structured-behavioral approaches to toilet training evolved in the United States during the past 40 years within a scientific milieu that came to accept toilet training as a developmental milestone requiring a child's active participation. This common view of toilet training as a developmental process has provided clinically useful overlapping concepts of mature toileting behavior. The child-oriented gradual method, proposed by T. Berry Brazelton in 1962, defined the parameters of toilet readiness; a decade later, N.H. Azrin and R.M. Foxx designed a structured-behavioral method that detailed the components of independent toileting. Widespread acceptance of readiness and independent toileting have since been supported by clinical experience and resulted in agreement that a child should be ready to participate in toilet training at approximately 18 months of age and be trained completely by 2 or 3 years old. Global trends continue to support this concept despite technologic advancements and conveniences such as diapers, which have enabled delayed …

Toilet Training Methods, Clinical Interventions, and Recommendations

Abstract: One area of pediatric care that strongly presents an opportunity for anticipatory guidance and clinical intervention is that of toilet training. Because most toilet training problems presenting to the health care practitioner reflect inappropriate training efforts and parental pressure, providers can, by consulting with parents, elucidate and address misconceptions parents have about the toilet training process, help parents to develop appropriate expectations about toilet training, and provide information, guidance, and support to parents for managing this potentially frustrating process. And although there already exists a plethora of information on child development in toilet training that parents can access and refer to, parents often solicit the support of health care providers at this particular stage in their child's development. The health care provider's role in toilet training is really a combination of needs assessment, information-gathering, education, counseling and support, short-term strategizing, and follow-up measures. This article focuses on approaches to and strategies for advising and guiding parents through supporting their child during the toilet training process. Toilet mastery is truly a developmental milestone in a child's life; it is a time when children are discovering and enhancing their physical abilities, understanding and responding to relationship dynamics, and confronting and reacting to external pressures. Meanwhile, as each step is achieved, their self-esteem also is developed. Toilet training also can be one of the most difficult developmental phases that both children and parents experience together, because pressures for the child to conform to parental and social expectations occur simultaneously with a child's burgeoning need for self-actualization and independence. Parental control over the child to train, concurrent with the child's will to be in control, leads to conflict and anxiety. Power struggles ensue that impact negatively the parent–child relationship and may lead to physical complications such as enuresis, encopresis, and child abuse. The American …

A Review of Bowel and Bladder Control Development in Children: How Gastrointestinal and Urologic Conditions Relate to Problems in Toilet Training

Abstract: Urologic and gastrointestinal problems in children are of great concern to parents. In most cases, such problems represent no organic disease or serious behavior disorder but nevertheless can cause more serious complications in toilet training than parents recognize. Although bowel and bladder symptoms in otherwise healthy children typically are transient, untreated issues can spiral into physical, behavioral, and developmental problems that disrupt toilet training and maintenance of bowel and/or bladder continence. Chronic wetting and soiling may persist well into the school years and often are refractory to empirical medical treatment. Clinical experience, however, suggests that in most children these problems can be managed successfully within the realm of general pediatric practice. Two important tools for evaluation are available to the pediatrician: good normative data on bowel and bladder function in children, and management algorithms for toilet training that emphasize pathophysiologic patterns within the context of normal development. Interventions emphasize early anticipation, breaking predictable behavioral and dietary cycles that can turn acute problems into chronic problems. This is especially important during the toilet training years. Almost all children have wetting and/or soiling accidents at one time or another. As with other models of developmental milestones, transient regressions or delays in toilet training logically can be expected. Bowel maturation typically precedes bladder maturation, which is not surprising, given the respective complexities of the developmental processes.1 An estimated 15% to 20% of children will become partially toilet trained but continue to have wetting accidents after age 5.2,,3 Additionally, at least 20% of developmentally normal children 18 to 30 months of age may refuse stool toilet training at some point.4 ### Encopresis Children with encopresis (chronic fecal soiling at age 4 and older) typically soil during the day and are unaware of and unable to control their soiling accidents.5 Soiling …

Toilet overflow control

Abstract: A flow control device for a toilet to prevent flooding upon obstructing of a waste outlet of a toilet bowl. The device includes a sensor assembly mounted on a clip held over a rim of the toilet bowl so as to hold the sensor assembly in a predetermined position within the toilet bowl. The clip may include adjustable elements thereon to enable the height of the sensor assembly to be adjusted, depending on the size and type of toilet in which it is affixed. If water bridges contacts on the sensor assembly, an electrical circuit is completed, and a solenoid is actuated to close a normally opened valve to shut off running water to the water tank of the toilet. The present invention is an easily-added-on, simplified device for use with a toilet bowl to prevent flooding, if the waste outlet of the toilet bowl is blocked for any reason.

The Use of Priming to Introduce Toilet Training to a Child with Autism

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the effects of priming in introducing toilet training to a 3-year-old boy with autism. Using an ABAB design, the number of wet and dry diapers was analyzed in relation to the initiation of toilet use. The data, which were collected throughout the child's day, showed an increase in initiation of toilet use and a decrease in wet diapers when priming was used.

Decorative pedestal for storing bathroom accessories

Abstract: A decorative bathroom furnishing to be placed in a bathroom provides concealed, sanitary storage of bathroom accessories and cleaning supplies, such as a toilet plunger, a toilet cleaning brush, a pair of rubber gloves and a roll of toilet tissue. The bathroom accessories and cleaning supplies are located in a hollow chamber defined by the bathroom furnishing. Access to the bathroom accessories and cleaning supplies is provided through a door section. A hook is provided for hanging the toilet cleaning brush. An upwardly depending post on a cantilevered shelf, or alternatively, an inwardly depending post, is provided to hold the paper core of the roll of toilet tissue. The base assembly of the bathroom furnishing is provided with an angled drainage grate having a plurality of holes therethrough positioned over a cavity which serves as a catch basin. The toilet plunger rests on the grate such that the catch basin collects moisture from the bathroom accessories and cleaning supplies, and in particular, residual toilet water from the toilet plunger and the toilet cleaning brush. An absorbent, deodorizing and disinfecting sponge may also be placed on the floor of the catch basin to collect, deodorize and disinfect moisture from the bathroom accessories and cleaning supplies. A clip is provided on the door section to hold the pair of rubber gloves. The exterior design of the bathroom furnishing can be adapted to take on the aesthetic appearance of, for example, a Corinthian or Roman column, a castle, a fish tank, a tree stump, a golf bag or the like. In addition, the top surface of the bathroom furnishing can be used as a pedestal for books, a flowerpot, a basket or the like.

Annunciator for a toilet

Abstract: An annunciator for training individuals in toilet etiquette and sanitation. The annunciator has a small housing that hangs on the side of the toilet tank, is incorporated into the seat of the toilet or hangs from the flush handle of the toilet. The housing is preferably plastic and can be animal shaped, for example, like a frog. A sound module, batteries, internal sensors, controller and speaker are mounted in the housing and the controller is connected to the external sensors by electrical wires. A small light such as an LED can be included to indicate that the unit is working. The sensors detect a person near the toilet, the position of the toilet seat (lowered or raised), a person sitting on the seat, and operation of the flush handle. The controller decides what messages to play based on the sensed conditions. Additionally, the housing may contain a small separate tape player for music or prerecorded humorous sounds. The tape player is controlled by the annunciator to coordinate with any played messages. An on/off switch and volume control are also provided.

Ventilated toilet seat

Abstract: A ventilated toilet seat assembly for evacuating noxious odors from within a toilet bowl. The ventilated toilet seat defines an external channel on the lower surface thereof between a pair of concentric risers, including an innermost riser and an outermost riser, each being configured to form a seal along the surface of the toilet bowl when the ventilated toilet seat is lowered into engagement therewith. The innermost riser defines a plurality of openings to provide for fluid communication from within the toilet bowl to the channel. An outlet is defined between the external channel and a hinge assembly, which includes a hinge post for mounting the ventilated toilet seat to a conventional toilet. The hinge post defines an internal conduit for evacuating the air within the toilet to an external location. The ventilated toilet seat may include a toilet seat upper and a riser plate secured thereto and which defines the concentric risers on the bottom surface thereof

The Composting Toilet System Book : A Practical Guide to Choosing, Planning and Maintaining Composting Toilet Systems, a Water-Saving, Pollution-Preventing Alternative

Abstract: From systems for cottages to year-round systems with micro-flush toilets and graywater gardens, the wide range of ecological recycling toilet options are featured in The Composting Toilet System Book. More than 40 systems - including those you can buy and those you can build - are featured. Composting toilet systems and other ecological wastewater management methods are increasingly installed in both seasonal and year-round homes, as municipalities require systems that won't pollute the environment and drinking water. This book details why - and how to choose, install and maintain them. You'll also find profiles of owner-operators worldwide, regulatory information for every state, compatible toilet stools (waterless, micro-flush, foam- and vacuum-flush and urine-diverting), a chapter on graywater systems, information about health risks and handling, and sources for many off-the-shelf and DIY designs. If you are seeking to install a system that meets state codes or if you are simply seeking to make your own system, this book is for you. Stop polluting and start recycling and saving water today!

Automatic toilet flushing system

Abstract: An automatic toilet flushing system for use with toilets in either commercial or private dwellings and which comprises a replaceable water tank top or tank lid carrying the major components of the automatic toilet flushing system. In this case, the toilet flushing system is an adaptive system, since it converts a conventional toilet into an automatic flushing toilet. The adaptive system also comprises a pair of infrared light sources and sensors located on forwardly protruding portions of the tank lid. The sensors are located forwardly of the water tank or water chest of the toilet and the timing is adjusted so that raising and lowering of the lid of the toilet seat will not interfere with operation of the sensors. A control circuit is also provided and mounted on the underside of the replaceable water tank cover plate. The circuit is connected to the sensors and operated by batteries so that when a light beam is interrupted for at least a predetermined time period, the control circuit will automatically initiate a flushing operation. The circuit initiates a flushing signal to a solenoid which shifts a connecting rod and which, in turn, is connected to a flapper valve at the lower end of the water chest. Thus, when the light beam is interrupted for the predetermined time period, the control circuit causes the solenoid to operate the rod which opens the flapper valve and thereby causes a flushing operation of the toilet.

Bathroom hygiene training system

Abstract: A bathroom hygiene training system for teaching of proper bathroom hygiene to a child. The bathroom hygiene training system includes a toilet. A toilet sensing housing is removably coupled to the tank. A toilet sound play back assembly is orientated within the toilet sensing housing. A seat sensor is coupled to the toilet sensing housing. A handle sensor is coupled to the toilet sensing housing. A step stool having a platform and a plurality of legs. A step stool sound play back assembly is orientated within the platform of the step stool. A sensor pad is coupled to the platform of the step stool. A sink having a counter top, a washbasin and a pedestal. A soap dish sensing housing is for resting upon the countertop proximate the washbasin. A soap dish sound play back assembly is orientated within the soap dish sensing housing. A soap dish sensor is coupled to the soap dish sensing housing.

Toilet seat occupancy monitoring apparatus

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for monitoring the occupancy status of a toilet seat. In more particular, it applies to a pressure sensitive switch that can be used in combination with an electronic monitoring device to notify a nearby care-giver or a remote nurse's station that a patient has raised himself or herself from the toilet. Broadly speaking, the instant device is composed of two elements--a pressure sensitive switch and an actuator--that are installed between the toilet seat and the upper rim of the toilet bowl. Pressure on the toilet seat is communicated via the actuator to the pressure sensitive switch which, when compressed, completes an electrical circuit. When the pressure is removed, the electrical circuit is broken, thereby signaling that the patient has risen from his or her seated position on the toilet.

Toilet ventillation system

Abstract: A toilet ventilation system moves air from within a toilet bowl and through a filter, or alternatively, out of the building by means of an exhaust pipe or duct. The ventilation system provides a toilet seat assembly having an air channel defined by the lower surface of the seat. An air channel cover is removably held in place on the lower surface of the toilet seat, covering the air channel. By removing the air channel cover the user may easily clean the air channel. A bowl-mounted base and enclosure is attached to the toilet bowl by means of the standard mounting bolts used to attach toilet seats. The toilet seat and lid are pivotally carried by the bowl-mounted base. A reservoir with a drain opening prevents the passage of liquid into a fan and filter housing. The fan and filter housing, carried by the bowl-mounted base, contains a fan powered by a direct current electrical system and an activated charcoal filter.

Toilet tissue dispenser

Abstract: A toilet tissue dispenser comprising a housing. An upper front door in the housing lifts upwardly, so that multiple toilet paper rolls can be stacked into the housing. The housing has a lower front notch opening, to allow the lowest toilet paper roll to be removed therefrom.

Treatment system for aircraft toilet waste water

Abstract: A system is described for the treatment of aircraft toilet waste water to permit discharge of the treated water to the atmosphere during flight, utilizing the pressure differential that is created between the aircraft's cabin pressure and the external atmosphere. The system includes a filter to remove suspended solids and other contaminants from the waste water, and may also include means to purify the water to potable water standards and means to recirculate the treated water for reuse on the aircraft.

Methods for improving the effectiveness of toilet training

Abstract: A method for improving the effectiveness of a child's toilet training regime utilizes a progress scale to evaluate the child's current level or stage of toilet training. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the child's training regime are divided into a plurality of unique groups corresponding to a plurality of stages of toilet training. The child's toilet training progress value, determined using the progress scale, is matched to a particular stage of training and the unique group of recommendations corresponding to the child's stage of training are selected. Methods for comparing the effectiveness of various toilet training regimes are also disclosed.

Sanitary toilet seat cover

Abstract: A sanitary toilet seat cover 10 for preventing direct contact between a person's skin and the top surface of a toilet seat 101. The toilet seat cover 10 includes a top layer 20 of waterproof material whose underside is affixed to a layer of porous material 40 impregnated with an antibacterial solution. The porous layer 40 is provided with a plurality of adhesive patches 51 to temporarily affix the seat cover 10 to a toilet seat 101 and a bottom layer 30 of waterproof material 31 whose peripheral edges are sealingly engaged with the underside of the top layer 20 of waterproof material 21 to provide an airtight envelope that surrounds the antibacterial solution until the toilet seat cover 10 is ready for use.

Powered toilet seat lift

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for moving a toilet seat between a lowered position adjacent a toilet bowl and a raised, tilted position above the toilet bowl to assist a physically disabled person between an upright position and a seating position for using a toilet. The apparatus includes a toilet seat having a passageway therethrough, a support structure positioned about a base portion of a toilet bowl, a linkage mechanism attached to the support structure for raising the toilet seat directly above the toilet bowl and for tilting the toilet seat such that the rear portion of the toilet seat assumes a vertically higher position than a front portion of the toilet seat, and a power mechanism for urging the toilet seat between the lowered position and the raised, tilted position.

Method for transmitting and evaluating advertising and information in toilet facilities and a display arrangement for carrying out said method in a urinal or toilet area

Abstract: An advertising surface on which advertising is conveyed through still or moving images is mounted on or above a urinal (1). The advertising is activated by the user of the urinal (1) when he approaches the same. The advertising can be controlled through the Internet and can be adapted to the location and the time of transmission.

Ventilated toilet seat system

Abstract: An improved system for ventilating air around a toilet where air is drawn through holes in a covered groove in the toilet seat and pulled by suction through a channel and hose to an output end of the fan housing. Alternatively, the air may be filtered and recycled or placed in a vent.

Toilet seat device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toilet seat device wherein an electric energy which is consumed for the heating of a toilet seat is less than a conventional one, and in addition, the amenity at the time of a seating is not lost. SOLUTION: The seating face 16 of a toilet seat 12 is divided into contact regions (16a, 16c) and non-contact regions (16b, 16d). When this toilet seat device 10 is used in a season or a place of a low temperature, at the contact regions (16a, 16c), a heating is always performed by a normal strength, and in the meantime, at the non-contact regions (16b, 16d), the heating at the normal strength is performed only when the necessity of the toilet seat heating is high such as when a room temperature measured by a temperature sensor 30 is lower than a specified value, when an illuminance measured by an illuminance sensor 34 is higher than a specified value, and when a human body is detected by a human body detecting sensor 34, and in other cases, the heating strength is lowered, or the heating is stopped.

Foot actuated, anti-slamming, toilet seat raising and lowering device

Abstract: An improved foot actuated, anti-slamming, toilet seat raising and lowering device providing smooth operation during both phases. A foot-receiving lever is pivotally attached to a fulcrum which is floor mounted on preferred side of toilet. A lift lever and a hydraulic device are pivotally attached to the foot lever. A smooth rod extends upward out the top of hydraulic device, is bent at a right angle, bisects top of lift lever and pivotally attaches to a bracket mounted to bottom of toilet seat. As foot pressure is applied to the foot lever the lift lever is pushed upward raising the toilet seat and toilet cover, if down, toilet cover will assume its vertical resting position. The hydraulic device, having an internal stop, will arrest toilet seat lift at a point previous to perpendicular, preventing slamming. When foot pressure is removed from foot lever gravity affects toilet seat to descend. The hydraulic device dampens the descent providing reseating without slamming. Toilet seat descent is not affected by abrupt removal of applied foot pressure.

Storage assembly for toilet tissue and toilet bowl brush

Abstract: A storage assembly is provided for convenient concealment of a toilet bowl brush and rolls of toilet tissue. The assembly includes a bowl brush removably supported in a bowl brush with the brush handle extending vertically upwardly. A toilet tissue holder is provided with a flat annular bottom wall and at least a hollow spindle extending upwardly from the bottom wall. The spindle is telescoped over the brush handle and is dimensiond to have rolls of toilet tissue telescoped thereon. A cover is provided for covering at least the top end of the toilet tissue stacked on the tissue holder. A sidewall surrounds the stacked rolls of toilet tissue and is connected to either the cover or the bottom wall of the tissue holder.

Sanitation is the key to healthy cities - a profile of Sulabh International

Abstract: Sulabh International is an Indian NGO which developed a cheap and effective sanitary toilet - a two-pit, pourflush, water-seal system - that does not need sewers or expensive treatment plants. Sulabh toilets are now used by more than a million households in India and in over 3,000 community toilets. This profile of Sulabh International by its founder describes how this sanitation programme first began and how it has spread and diversified. The profile also describes Sulabh’s other work, including training and education for “ scavengers” who previously emptied latrines, the model village and rural sanitation programmes, research and the integrated health care model.

Helminth control as an entry point for health-promoting schools in KwaZulu-Natal.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES To use a health promotion model to investigate the risk factors (predisposing, enabling and reinforcing) for geohelminth and schistosomiasis infections, in order to develop and implement effective intervention strategies. DESIGN Phase 1: Qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents, pupils and teachers; and interviews with health workers. Phase 2: Quantitative study using a semi-structured questionnaire to investigate whether the determinants identified in phase 1 were generalisable. SETTING Rural primary schools in Vulamehlo magisterial district, southern KwaZulu-Natal. STUDY POPULATION Qualitative study: 9 schools with 179 pupils, 93 parents and 82 teachers; and local clinics (4 fixed, 1 mobile), with 7 professional nurses. Quantitative study: 2 other schools, with 730 pupils. RESULTS Predisposing factors: Respondents were familiar with symptoms, but did not know the cause or mode of transmission of helminth infections. Many respondents perceived food to be the cause of geohelminth infection and swimming in the river to be the cause of schistosomiasis. Although 649 (88.9%) pupils had toilets at home and at school, only 218 (29.9%) were motivated to 'always' use the toilet for faecal disposal (rural communities previously did not have toilets). Six hundred and seventy-eight pupils (92.9%) understood that it was necessary to wash their hands after using the toilet, but many schools lacked water. Personal cleanliness was a problem despite the emphasis on hygiene by health workers and teachers. Few pupils admitted to eating soil, but it was agreed that geophagia affected young children between the ages of 8 months and 6 years. Enabling factors (positive/negative): Barriers to health promotion frequently included inadequate toilet facilities at school and home, and river-water contact resulting from a lack of clean water. A dearth of recreational facilities resulted in children swimming and playing in the river. Positive factors were the health-seeking behaviour of the majority of the target group, who identified helminth infections as a health problem and sought treatment. Parents and pupils in the FGDs unanimously supported health education and 655 (89.8%) questionnaire respondents indicated that they wished to learn how to avoid helminth infections. CONCLUSIONS Although the Government strategy is to provide clean water and adequate sanitation, provision of services does not necessarily ensure usage. A comprehensive approach to health promotion is required and the complementary development of the 'health-promoting school' would support, reinforce and sustain a helminth control programme.