Showing papers on "Unobtrusive research published in 2018"

Team Measurement: Unobtrusive Strategies for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Abstract: Unobtrusive measurement methodologies are critical to implementing intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for teams. Such methodologies allow for continuous measurement of team states and processes while avoiding disruption of mission or training performance, and do not rely on post hoc feedback (including for the aggregation of data into measures or to develop insights from these real-time metrics). This chapter summarizes advances in unobtrusive measurement developed within Army research programs to illustrate the variety and potential that unobtrusive measurement approaches can provide for building ITS for teams. Challenges regarding the real-time aggregation of data and applications to current and future ITS for teams are also discussed.

Political Implications of Natural Resources Conflict in Sudan

Abstract: This paper examines several factors that can help in-depth understanding of the relationship between natural resources and politics in Sudan. These factors include: fragile state and the way of distribution of resources and wealth, Rentier state, governance efficiency, natural resource and secession wars, and peace agreements and wealth sharing issue. All these factors determine natural resource management process and state- citizen relationship in a given country. The unobtrusive research method is a qualitative method mostly applicable in social inquiry. It is a type of non-participative observation and natural work taken from the real world setting, to gather data from the research site and allows the researcher to study the reality without directly affecting the data collection process (Rubbin and Babbie 2011). Moreover, this natural characteristic of the method allows the researchers to connect between reality and the study closely, independently and in non-responsive ways and also avoid the occurrence of mistakes due to the researcher’s presence (Webb et al 1966; Sechert and Philips 1979 and Raymond 2000). In practice, there are various forms of unobtrusive methods used for the purpose of analysis. These include content analysis, existing data analysis and historical analysis. The latter also contains evaluation reports, reading of historical records and longitudinal analysis (Babbie 2010).

14.5 Reliability in unobtrusive research

Abstract: This final section of this chapter investigates a few particularities related to reliability in unobtrusive research projects that warrant our attention. These particularities have to do with how and by whom the coding of data occurs. Issues of stability, reproducibility, and accuracy all speak to the unique problems—and opportunities—with establishing reliability in unobtrusive research projects (Krippendorff, 2009). [1]