Showing papers on "Wastewater published in 1968"

Virus Inactivation on Clay Particles in Natural Waters

Abstract: Within recent years a great deal of information has been obtained on viral diseases and their causative agents. Research efforts during the past decade have resulted in the discovery of nearly 100 different enteric viruses, all of which were found to exist in sew age originating from an infected in dividual (1). Additional research has revealed that wastewater treatment processes do not remove completely or inactivate viruses and that they are therefore discharged to streams (2). The behavior of these virus particles in natural water systems has thus pre sented itself as a subject for still further research effort. Clark et al. (3) have investigated the survival times of various viruses and bacteria in river water and in wastewater. Their data, which substantiated earlier observations (4) (5), showed that four different viruses were able to survive longer in "clean" Little Miami River water and raw wastewater than in moderately polluted Ohio River water. The fact that a water which was rela tively free from microorganisms and nutritive material gave the longest virus survival seemed to indicate that

Water purification method

Abstract: Method for the treatment of sewage wastewater, comprising the steps of vigorously and intimately passing gaseous oxygen and gaseous sulfur dioxide through the wastewater in the presence of metallic iron in suitable proportions to maintain the solution in an acidic state; neutralizing the solution by adding a soluble alkaline material; add to the solution, during the neutralization phase, enough gaseous oxygen to saturate the solution and effect the complete oxidation of all the components thereof; and separating the solid components of the neutralized solution from the liquid. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Kinetics of removal of starch in activated sludge systems.

Abstract: investigators have used simple, soluble organic substrates for study, while very little work has been done with colloidal substrates although colloids represent a significant fraction in do mestic and many industrial wastes. Balmat (1) estimated that colloids represent about 52 percent of the bio chemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 54 percent by weight of the suspended solids in domestic wastewater. Simi lar figures are not available for indus trial wastewaters but it is known that wastes from the textile, paper and pulp, food-processing, dairy, meat packing, and many other industries contain significant amounts of colloidal components.

Aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acid salts.

Abstract: The demand of civilization for clean water has stimulated research on the fundamental principles of wastewater treatment. Investigations using sim ple, soluble substrates have provided much of the basic knowledge concern ing biological treatment systems. Mu nicipal and industrial wastewaters also contain colloidal and suspended or ganic matter and investigations con tinue to elucidate the removal mecha nisms of all wastewater fractions. Studies have shown that grease con stitutes from 14 to 19 percent of the dry solids in the settleable fraction, from 20 to 51 percent in the colloidal fraction, and from 18 to 23 percent of the supra-colloidal fraction of domes tic wastewater (1) (2). Hunter and Heukelekian (2) summarized a num ber of studies and noted that the total grease ranged from 23 to 52 percent of the organic matter in domestic wastes. By definition, lipids or greases are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as hexane, chlo roform, and ether. The bulk of lipids in food, body, or animal fat exist as glycerides which may be hydrolyzed in collection and treatment systems to yield glycerol and the alkali salts of the fatty acids whose esters formed the glycerides.

Waste water treatment process

Abstract: Waste water from industrial and municipal sources is treated in a hydrolysis treatment sequence wherein large soluble organic molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides in the waste water are broken down into small molecules such as amino acids and mono and disaccharides which are more readily adsorbed by activated carbon or other adsorbents. Additional treatment processes may be employed at various stages of the hydrolysis treatment sequence.

Biological treatment of wastewater

Abstract: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUBSTANTIALLY UPGRADING THE OPERATING EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IS DISCLOSED. THE INVENTION UTILIZES FORCIBLY ROTATING BODIES THAT ARE PARTIALLY SUBMERGED IN THE WASTEWATER TO PROVIDE SURFACE AREA ON WHICH BIOLOGICAL SLIMES DEVELOP AND SERVE THE PURPOSE OF REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM THE WASTEWATER. THE ROTATING, PARTIALLY SUBMERGED BODIES ARE LOCATED IN THE UPPER PORTION OF THE TREATMENT TANKS, AND, IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS FOR THE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE OF BIOLOGICAL SLIMES, SERVE TO PUMP THE WASTEWATER TO BRING IT IN CONTACT WITH THE SLIMES. THE TREATMENT TANK IS THUS DIVIDED INTO AN UPPER BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT ZONE AND A SUBJACENT ZONE, THROUGH WHICH SOLIDS ARE SEPARATED FROM THE FLOW OF WASTEWATER AND TRANSPORTED TO A POINT OF WITHDRAWAL FROM THE SYSTEM.

Multiple re-use of water

Abstract: ADJACENT INDUSTRIAL PLANT. THE WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS FOR BOTH TOWN AND PLANT ARE SOLVED SIMULTANEOUSLY. THIS INVENTION RELATES TO THE TREATMENT OF SALINE, BRACKISH OR OTHER HIGH MINERAL CONTENT WATER TO PROVIDE EFFLUENT WATERS FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL USAGE AND TO THE TREATMENT OF THE DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRAIL WASTE WATER FOR MULTIPLE REUSE SO AS TO SOLVE BOTH WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS. THE INVENTION COMBINES A DEMINERALIZATION SYSTEM WITH A SYSTEM UTILIZING A RELATIVELY NON-VOLATILE FLUIDIZING LIQUID AND CAPABLE OF OPERATING ON WASTE WATERS OF RELATIVELY HIGH SOLIDS CONTENT, THE LATTER SYSTEM RECEIVING HIGH MINERAL CONTNET EFFLUENT FROM THE DEMINERALIZER AS WELL AS WASTE WATERS FROM THE INDUSTRIAL AND/OR DOMESTIC SOURCES. POTABLE WATER AND LOW MINERAL CONTENT WATERS FOR INDUSTRIAL USE ARE PRODUCED AND SUBSTANTIALLY ALL WATER IS REUSED EXCEPTING THAT LOST BY EVAPORATION TO THE ATMOSPHERE OR BY USE IN IRRIGATION. THE SYSTEM IS PARTICULARLY WELL ADAPTED FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES HAVING AN

The survival and recovery of salmonella in tucson's wastewater reclamation program

Abstract: The fact that wastewater is a reser voir for Salmonella is well documented. However, the recovery of Salmonella from a wastewater sample is not a foregone conclusion (1) (2). A suc cessful recovery is dependent on many factors including the important un controllable factors of population inci dence rate and wastewater composi tion. Although wastewater is an arti ficially created depository for Salmon ella, the presence of soaps, fats, de tergents, and industrial wastes makes it a less than optimum environment for survival of the organisms. The water dilution factor makes it diffi cult to accumulate large numbers of Salmonella in a single specimen and the heterogeneity of the bacteria pop ulation does not enhance the isolation of those organisms which are not one of the predominant species. Salmon ella is rarely a predominant organism in this environment. In addition it has been postulated that bacterio phages may inhibit the survival and recovery of enteric organisms (3). It is difficult to assess the effect that any single factor may play in the isolation of Salmonella from waste water. Each factor probably con tributes to the interference of Salmon ella recovery, but the contributions will vary with the region and time.

Process for the recovery of ammonium salts from process waste streams

Abstract: A PROCESS IS DESCRIBED FOR THE RECOVERY OF FERTILIZER GRADE AMMONIUM SALTS IN HIGH YIELDS FROM ACRYLONITRILE WASTE WATER PROCESS STREAMS CONTAINING WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANIC TARS BY THE REMOVAL OF WATER AND VOLATILE ORGANIC MATTER FROM THE WASTE WATER PROCESS STREAMS IN THE PRESENCE OF A WATER MISCIBLE SOLVENT, RECOVERING THE SOLID AMMONIUM SALT FROM THE RESIDUAL AMMONIUM SALT-SOLVENT-TAR MIXTURE AND RECOVERING THE SOLVENT FOR RE-USE.

New Approaches to Wastewater Sand Filtration

Abstract: A report on some aspects of the research and development work being carried out on waste treatment technology by the Cincinnati Water Research Laboratory of the Federal Water Polution Control Administration (FWPCA) is presented. Pilot plant activities as well as large-scale treatment plants supported partially by FWPCA Research and Development Grants to cities, sanitary districts and states are included. The individual projects range from single-unit processes to complete treatment systems incorporating biological, chemical and physical treatment techniques. Project flows range from 200 gpd to several million gpd. Project objectives include: (1) Technical and economic evaluation of a process or a complete treatment system, or (2) Development of methods for reducing water pollution of a given type or at a specific location. An example of the latter would be the production of water suitable for underground recharge to prevent salt water intrusion, or for reuse in industrial, agricultural, recreational or other applications. Typical treatment techniques are two-stage lime precipitation with lime recovery and reuse, granular activated carbon adsorption, and a variety of biological and chemical techniques for removing the algal nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Wastes from the Preservation of Wood

Abstract: Waste water from a wood preservation process is highly contaminated; however, the volume of contaminants is relatively small. The isolated location of many of these plants has prevented the recognition of their contribution to stream pollution. As these plants become a part of urban areas, it is necessary that the waste streams be controlled. Information is presented that should be useful as a guide in designing waste treatment facilities at similar wood preservation plants. The waste contains toxicants, but it is ameniable to biological treatment. Four species of Pseudomas bacteria were isolated from the biological culture. Chemical flocculation, chlorination, and chemical flocculation coupled with chlorination significantly reduced the COD of the waste.