Showing papers on "White paper published in 1982"
TL;DR: The State Earnings Related Pension Scheme SERPS (SERPS) as discussed by the authors is a self-contained state pension scheme, which was proposed in the 1990s and implemented in the early 2000s.
Abstract: In her introduction to the White Paper (Better Pensions) describing the new state pension scheme which came into effect in Britain in I978, the then Secretary of State for Social Services wrote: 'The cost of the commitments in this White Paper has been very carefully considered in relation to the capacity of the country to support it' (HMSO, I974). We can find little to indicate that this is a true statement. The memorandum on the financial implications of the scheme provided in that paper by the Government Actuary contained estimates of the costs of the whole national insurance scheme until 2008-9. It did not measure, and did not claim to measure, the cost of the additional pension commitments which the White Paper proposed, and which were, with minor amendments, subsequently implemented. It is that cost which we attempt to measure in this paper. We find that these costs are very substantial. Their magnitude was masked, in the Government Actuary's calculations, by favourable demographic trends which reduce the costs of the existing commitments of the national insurance scheme. In the early 2ISt century, however, these trends are dramatically reversed and the full cost of the I978 scheme will emerge. It is by no means fanciful to speculate that when the scheme is approaching maturity the burden of state pensions on the working population will be twice what it is todayif, indeed, future generations prove willing to honour the promises which have been so casually made on their behalf. The approach we adopt in this paper is to treat the new provision for earningsrelated pensions as a self-contained pension scheme in its own right (The State Earnings Related Pension Scheme SERPS). In Section I we describe the central elements of that scheme and our analysis of it, while Section II considers the implications of contracting out. We discuss how costs are affected by demographic factors in Section III and in Section IV relate our projections to those of the Government Actuary.
48 citations
TL;DR: The author's main argument is that since most existing jobs, and therefore the training associated with them, are limited in scope and interest, the key to improving the quality of training lies in an approach which stresses the redesign of work itself.
Abstract: The British Government's recent white paper has focused on the debate on the quality of training. Here the author's main argument is that since most existing jobs, and therefore the training associated with them, are limited in scope and interest, the key to improving the quality of training lies in an approach which stresses the redesign of work itself.
14 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the dilemma posed by Soviet expansionism requiring a positive response from the West and a world recession which demands reductions in public spending is highlighted. But the authors focus on two countries with broadly similar diplomatic and military alignments but with defence policies which appear to be evolving in opposite directions.
4 citations
TL;DR: The White Paper Young Offenders (Cmnd. 8045, October 1980) as mentioned in this paper has a section on the responsibility of parents which contains proposals concerning the extension of mandatory provisions for children aged under 14. The proposals are examined in the light of the findings of a series of studies showing the significant association between parental supervision and their children's social behaviour.
Abstract: The White Paper Young Offenders (Cmnd. 8045, October 1980) has a section on the responsibility of parents which contains proposals concerning the extension of mandatory provisions for children aged under 14. The proposals are examined in the light of the findings of a series of studies showing the significant association between parental supervision and their children's social behaviour. While parental supervision appears to be more important than other factors, effective supervision was found to be closely associated with the material circumstances of the family and also with the proportion of severely socially handicapped families in the neighbourhood. The likelihood of the White Paper proposals succeeding, if implemented, in bringing home to parents their responsibility is discussed with reference to different styles of parental regimes and alternative measures are considered.
4 citations
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the conflict identified in the white paper on transport policy concerning transport problems in rural areas and the basis of the apparent conflict is the objective of meeting social needs and also the costs of providing such a service.
Abstract: The article examines the conflict identified in the white paper on transport policy concerning transport problems in rural areas. The basis of the apparent conflict is the objective of meeting social needs and also the costs of providing such a service. The article attempts to review responses from non-metropolitan counties to changes in policy and requirements of the Transport Act 1978. Most counties opted for a minimum level of service criteria although these range from complex hierarchies of services to simple service thresholds. Another group of counties based their estimation of needs on existing levels of demand or usage. The public transport plans (ptps) reviewed showed that there should be clear differentiation between demand and need. Methods of interpreting these requirements are evaluated. (TRRL)
3 citations
TL;DR: In Norway, no major planning document or White Paper on higher education has been published since the early 1970s, and in the last few years the sector, has attracted little public attention or controversy, though the Social Democrats' recent proposals for extended access to higher education as well as for more expensive student loans are notable exceptions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, two new universities and more than ten regional colleges were founded in Norway. In addition, more than 100 schools and colleges have been upgraded to higher education institutions in recent years, signifying a strong emphasis on decentralisation. Lately, however, this emphasis has shown signs of weakening while at the same time the classical universities have come back into the limelight. Recent constraints on public spending have obviously influenced these changes. Though rich in oil and energy, Norway has increasingly been unable to remain immune from international economic difficulties. Besides curtailing further expansion of higher education, this climate of concern has led to a renewed interest in the contribution of higher education to national economic well-being. A recent government commission pointed to education and research at the universities as important instruments for improving Norway's technical and industrial capabilities and international competitiveness. No major planning document or White Paper on higher education has been published since the early 1970s, and in the last few years the sector, has attracted little public attention or controversy, though the Social Democrats' recent proposals for extended access to higher education as well as for more expensive student loans are notable exceptions. In the last Long-Term Programme, the previous government announced the publication of a White Paper on higher education in the next fouryear planning period (1982-85). With the Social Democrats losing the 1981 parliamentary election, however, and a conservative government taking office for the first time in 50 years, some policy changes in this area are perhaps to be expected. Since 1975, enrolment figures have increased in the non-university part of higher education while remaining at a virtually constant level in the universities. An increase in the percentage of female students as well as a greater influx of older students-many with substantial work experience-have considerably changed the composition of the student body in most institutions. Furthermore, the degree structure has been revised, most significantly at graduate level where an AngloAmerican type of doctorate has been introduced in several fields of study. (Career opportunities at the universities have often been limited, and 'aging without newcomers' has been the rule in many university departments (Skoie, 1976). Even so, there are shortages of qualified applicants for academic posts in
3 citations
TL;DR: It is recommended that a much higher proportion of patient care should be provided by fully trained medical staff and an increased number of consultant posts to meet service needs, and a decrease in the number of junior doctors in most hospitals and most specialties.
Abstract: Members of the College will know that in the 1980–81 Parliamentary Session the Social Services Committee, chaired by Mrs Renee Short, examined the problem of achieving for hospital medical staff a proper balance between the number of doctors in training and the number in the career grades. In February 1982 the Government published its response to that Report as a White Paper, and stated its intent of seeking early discussion with the responsible bodies, which include the College, to promote action.
2 citations
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01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The Conservative Party Broadcasting Study Group as mentioned in this paper was reconstituted shortly after the October election victory, some of its former members having become ministers, but it still included Ian Orr-Ewing, John Rodgers and John Profumo, all of whom had spoken in the July 1951 debate on the Labour Government's abortive White Paper.
Abstract: The Conservative Party’s group on broadcasting policy was reconstituted shortly after the October election victory, some of its former members having become ministers. But it still included Ian Orr-Ewing (now Lord Orr-Ewing), John Rodgers and John Profumo, all of whom had spoken in the July 1951 debate on the Labour Government’s abortive White Paper. In its new form this Conservative Party Broadcasting Study Group included also Anthony Fell, an employee of Pye Radio, Captain L. P. S. Orr, a member of the Executive Council of British Chambers of Commerce and Sir Wavell Wakefield, who, besides being vice-president of the National Union of Manufacturers, was a director of Broadcast Relay Service (Overseas) and Rediffusion Limited. Another member of the group was Kenneth Pickthorn, an academic whose dislike of Beveridge, of the BBC and of all monopolies, especially in ideas, combined with a rare gift for acid phraseology to make him a most able advocate of the cause. Encouraged by the response of the Postmaster-General, Lord De La Warr, when they met him at dinner just before Christmas 1951, the group prepared a paper setting out their views on The Future of British Broadcasting’ for presentation to the Cabinet. It was arranged that the group’s relatively modest and cautiously worded proposals should be discussed at a meeting of the Party’s uniquely influential ‘1922 Committee’ in February 1952, at which both Salisbury and Woolton of the Cabinet’s Broadcasting Policy Committee would be present.
1 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In the Federal Republic of Germany, the aims and fundamentals of the security and defence policies of the Federal Government are supported by all parties of the Bundestag and are recognized by a large majority of the citizens of this country.
Abstract: In 1974, the annual Weissbuch (White Paper) of the West German Ministry of Defence on Zur Sicherheit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und zur Entwicklung der Bundeswehr (The Security of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Development of the Federal Army Forces) spelt out very clearly the basic political philosophy underlying national defence policy1:
Peace cannot be safeguarded by armament efforts and international arrangements alone. Security policy will only be credible if it is a convincing element of a country’s overall policy. National defence and the efforts it involves must be self-evident to all citizens. There will always be tensions between the defence policy of the government and parliament on the one hand and the multifarious trends in a country’s society on the other. For a country like the Federal Republic of Germany in her exposed political situation such tensions will have fatal results if they cause this essential element of state and foreign politics to become divorced from the political understanding of the citizenry. The aims and fundamentals of the security and defence policies of the Federal Government are supported by all parties of the Bundestag and are recognized by a large majority of the citizens of this country.
1 citations
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01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Asa Briggs as discussed by the authors stated that the BBG management began to consider likely effects on themselves soon after the White Paper of May 1952 had made known the Government's intention to introduce "an element of competition" in television.
Abstract: As related by Asa Briggs1 the BBG management began to consider likely effects on themselves soon after the White Paper of May 1952 had made known the Government’s intention to introduce ‘an element of competition’ in television. ‘Our aims’ (to inform, educate and entertain) ‘cannot be fulfilled unless we retain the attention of the mass audience, as well as of important minorities.’ They would have to learn to compete.