Transformational leadership

Hospital waste management status in Iran: a case study in the teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is one of the common problems and difficulties faced by hospitals in all countries around the world. Since nurses are part of the healthcare team that plays a unique role in the control of hospital infection, this study is conducted to analyze the knowledge and practice of healthcare personnel about standard precautions for hospital infection. MATERIALS & METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted on 170 nurses worked in medical surgical wards, pediatric wards, dialysis units of two teaching hospitals in Zabol city, Iran, in 2014. The sample population was selected through simple random sampling. The data collection instrument is composed of a researcher-made questionnaire titled “Hospital-acquired infection Control” based on precautions posited by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data were fed into the SPSS software v.20 and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The results show that 43% of the participants in this study had poor knowledge, 42% had average practice, and 37% had a moderate attitude about hospital infection. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and gender (r = 00.8 p = 0.02). However, the variables of age, marital status, employment, work experience, education, and place of work did not establish a significant relationship with the independent variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: As the results indicate a low level of awareness among the personnel about hospital infection, it is suggested to provide training sessions on the prevention and control of HAI to increase the awareness of personnel and hold practical courses for practicing these principles.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses about Standard Precautions for Hospital-Acquired Infection in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Zabol University of Medical Sciences (2014).

Survey of medical waste characterization and management in Iran: a case study of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/3197/1/System%20dynamics%20model%20for%20hospital%20waste%20characterization%20and%20generation%20in%20developing%20countries.pdf

System dynamics model for hospital waste characterization and generation in developing countries

Aims: Providing ideal therapeutic services and improving the hospital processes highly depends on staff's team-work and managers' leadership styles and leadership styles affects the effectiveness and efficiency. This study was performed with the aim of determining managers' leadership style from staffs' viewpoints in one of Tehran's hospitals and its relationship with hospital indicators. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was done on 394 staffs of a hospital in Tehran who were selected by proportionate and simple random sampling method in 2009. Demographic characteristics' questionnaire and Likert leadership style questionnaire (after confirming its validity and reliability) were used for data collection and data analysis was done by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS 16 software. Results: 13.7% of staff stated that their managers' leadership style was exploitative-authoritative, 56.1% benevolent- authoritative, 28.2% consultative and 2 % of them considered it participative. There was a significant relationship between leadership style of managers and BOR, ALOS, BT and BTI indicators with the significance levels of 0.003, 0.006, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: Although choosing the authoritative leadership style from the staffs' viewpoint is not far from mind regarding the organizational environment, use of consultative and participative leadership styles and using training methods for applications of the mentioned styles is suggested in order to improve the organizational efficiency.

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Hospital manager's leadership style from staffs viewpoint and its relationship with hospital indicators

Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence rate and causes of physical injuries among trainee personnel during the physical fitness practices course. Methods: In this retrospective-descriptive study, 5559 formal personnel who were trained in the three educational garrisons during the last three educational years (September 2005 to September 2007) were selected by census method and were analyzed as the sample of this study. Using a researcher-made questionnaire from the present records and documents based on diseases classification system, the data were collected, codified and finally analyzed by SPSS 15 software. Results: Most of injuries were musculoskeletal injuries (96.2%) and the most common type of injuries was superficial injuries (42.1%). The most often injured body area was the ankle and foot area (27.6%). Most injuries had been happened in sport hall (23.8%). The prevalence rate of given injuries during military training were the first (4.9%), second(2.5%) and third(3.2%) years. the most common causes of injury during the military training were slipping or falling during training activities (33.5%). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injuries were the major cause of referring to clinic and the most prevalence type of physical injuries in military personnel during the military trainings. Prevention is considered as the first step toward reducing the traumatic events.

Epidemiology of physical injuries resulted from military training course

Objectives Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease (CVD) is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The most important risk factors for CVD are well-established and are strongly influenced by lifestyle changes. Clearly, physical activity has been shown to be extremely important in reducing the burden of this disease. The aim of this case-control study was to examine the association between intensity of activities and CVD risk factors in healthy military personnel. Participants Two group of subjects (active [engaging in three session of field exercises/week] =50, and inactive [with no experience of field exercise]=50) were classified by a questionnaire containing demographic, health history, type and level of physical activity, and employment information. Methods Anthropometric indices, lipid-lipoprotein profile, arterial pressures, and fasting blood glucose were assessed. Independent sample t-tests were used for comparison. Results Physically active subjects had significantly (p≤ 0.05) lower measures of body mass indices (except height), lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (S/DBP), risk factor (TC/HDL ratio), atherogenic index (LDL/HDL ratio), and higher levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was normal in both groups. Conclusions To reduce the risk factors of developing CVD and preventing its progression significantly, it clearly serves to underscore the beneficial properties of physical activity and to promote its effectiveness as a support for healthier lifestyles in the community and particularly among military personnel. The findings of this study substantiate the need for physical exercise to reduce signs and symptoms associated with CVD risk, even among a young, healthy, generally active population. Further, that these results would appear to corroborate the concept of increasing physical activity, including aerobic activity, as a preventative measure.

Regular physical activity as a basic component of lifestyle modification reduces major cardiovascular risk factors among male armored force personnel of Shabestar army installation in Iran.

Aims This research intended to specify the rate of satisfaction among outpatients and hospitalized patients in different parts of a military hospital and its related factors Methods This is a descriptive cross sectional study The studied group includes 165 people referred to outpatient and hospitalization wards of a military hospital Samples chosed on achievement Results The greatest satisfaction (36%) expressed in emergency ward because of religious issues being considered The greatest dissatisfaction (192%) seen in pharmacy, which was due to the long waiting time for getting the medication The least rate of satisfaction (78%) in radiology section was due to insufficient explanation required for radiology preparation The least rate of satisfaction (192%) in clinic was due to the physician’s being late and keep the patients waiting Nursing mental psychic cares shows a satisfaction rate of 385% because of well mannered behavior to patients The least rate of satisfaction (12%) in physicians’ services was due to insufficient explanation of disease to patient and repetition of tests and radiology The most satisfaction rate (435%) on food services was due to the care shown to patients’ appetite In reception section, the most satisfaction rate (217%) reported for the high speed of patients being transferred to wards after the reception stages covered Conclusion In general, satisfaction rate on all outpatient and hospitalization wards are acceptable �

Inpatient and outpatient satisfaction of a military hospital

Aims: Organizational changes have consequences and each organization undergoing changes should confront these consequences properly. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes' effects on organizational health indicators and its relationship with organizational effectiveness. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in 2010 on 59 military sub-officers who were selected by census sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire used in a similar study that was applied after confirming its validity and reliability. The organizational indicators were evaluated before and after the changes and their changes were assessed and the relationship between the organizational effectiveness index and organizational health indicators was evaluated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired T- test and Spearman correlation by SPSS 18 software. Results: Healthy work environment (4.7%), organizational effectiveness (6.4%), mood of the staff (6.6%) and employees' participation (16.08%) showed a significant reduction (p=0.041, 0.013, 0.003 and 0.048, respectively). Also organizational effectiveness had a high and significant positive correlation with organizational health indicators. Conclusion: Organizational changes may affect organizational health indicators and reduce the following indicators: mood of the staff, healthy work environment, organizational effectiveness and employees' participation. It seems necessary to measure organizational health indicators after organizational changes and remove the shortages.

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A A Karimi Zarchi

Papers

Hospital manager's leadership style from staffs viewpoint and its relationship with hospital indicators

Epidemiology of physical injuries resulted from military training course

Regular physical activity as a basic component of lifestyle modification reduces major cardiovascular risk factors among male armored force personnel of Shabestar army installation in Iran.

Inpatient and outpatient satisfaction of a military hospital

Effect of organizational changes on organizational health indicators and its relationship with organizational effectiveness