The scalable video coding (SVC) standard as an extension of H.264/AVC allows efficient, standard-based temporal, spatial, and quality scalability of video bit streams. Scalability of a video bit stream allows for media bit rate as well as for device capability adaptation. Moreover, adaptation of the bit rate of a video signal is a desirable key feature, if limitation in network resources, mostly characterized by throughput variations, varying delay or transmission errors, need to be considered. Typically, in mobile networks the throughput, delay and errors of a connection (link) depend on the current reception conditions, which are largely influenced by a number of physical factors. In order to cope with the typically varying characteristics of mobile communication channels in unicast, multicast, or broadcast services, different methods for increasing robustness and achieving quality of service are desirable. We will give an overview of SVC and its relation to mobile delivery methods. Furthermore, innovative use cases are introduced which apply SVC in mobile networks.

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Mobile Video Transmission Using Scalable Video Coding

Multicasting is emerging as an enabling technology for multimedia transmissions over wireless networks to support several groups of users with flexible quality of service (QoS) requirements. Although multicast has huge potential to push the limits of next generation communication systems; it is however one of the most challenging issues currently being addressed. In this survey, we explain multicast group formation and various forms of group rate determination approaches. We also provide a systematic review of recent channel-aware multicast scheduling and resource allocation (MSRA) techniques proposed for downlink multicast services in OFDMA based systems. We study these enabling algorithms, evaluate their core characteristics, limitations and classify them using multidimensional matrix. We cohesively review the algorithms in terms of their throughput maximization, fairness considerations, performance complexities, multi-antenna support, optimality and simplifying assumptions. We discuss existing standards employing multicasting and further highlight some potential research opportunities in multicast systems.

Multicast Scheduling and Resource Allocation Algorithms for OFDMA-Based Systems: A Survey

Multiple antenna orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a promising technique for the high downlink capacity in the next generation wireless systems, in which adaptive resource allocation would be an important research issue that can significantly improve the performance with guaranteed QoS for users. Moreover, most of the current resource allocation algorithms are limited to the unicast system. In this paper, dynamic resource allocation is studied for multiple antenna OFDMA based systems which provide multicast service. The performance of multicast system is simulated and compared with that of the unicast system. Numerical results also show that the proposed algorithms improve the system capacity significantly compared with the conventional scheme.

Adaptive Resource Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Based Wireless Multicast Systems

A new video coding method based on compressive sampling is proposed. In this method, a video is coded using compressive measurements on video cubes. Video reconstruction is performed by minimization of total variation (TV) of the pixelwise discrete cosine transform coefficients along the temporal direction. A new reconstruction algorithm is developed from TVAL3, an efficient TV minimization algorithm based on the alternating minimization and augmented Lagrangian methods. Video coding with this method is inherently scalable, and has applications in mobile broadcast.

A New Compressive Video Sensing Framework for Mobile Broadcast

Millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks can operate in single-cell point-to-multipoint mode to provide local multicast services efficiently In this paper, the performance of multicast mmWave wireless networks is studied, through stochastic geometry Then, the use of power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for enhancing mmWave multicasting is also investigated Furthermore, we study multicasting in two-tier mmWave heterogeneous networks, and propose a novel cooperative NOMA multicast scheme Analytical expressions for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio coverage probability, the average number of served users, and the sum multicast rate are derived, in order to assess the performance of these schemes Finally, we discuss the maximum sum multicast rates, by formulating them as optimization problems, and also develop efficient golden section search algorithms to solve them The offered solutions reveal the impact of data transmission rate and power allocation on the sum multicast rate Both analytical and numerical results demonstrate that NOMA can significantly improve the mmWave multicasting, while the proposed cooperative NOMA mmWave multicast scheme can further improve the NOMA mmWave multicasting

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Cooperative Multicast Millimeter Wave Wireless Networks

Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) supports downlink streaming and download-and-play type services to large groups of users. From the radio perspective, MBMS includes point-to-point (PtP) and point-to-multipoint (PtM) modes. This paper investigates and presents different multi-resolution broadcast systems for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular mobile networks, namely, multi-code, hierarchical QAM constellations and multi-antenna (MIMO) systems. Each one present performance gains over conventional single-resolution broadcast systems. A comparison is made between the three proposed multi-resolution systems. The use of High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) to multicast video streaming as a multi-resolution system, associated or not to MIMO, can be employed by the MBMS PtP mode, but dependently on the deployment scenarios it can yield substantial reduction in resource demand and optimization of the allocated radio resources

A.B. Soares

Papers

Multi-Resolution Broadcast/Multicast Systems for MBMS