This paper examines the relationship between the microstructure and engineering properties of cement-treated marine clay. The microstructure was investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, pH measurement, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and laser diffractometric measurement of the particle size distribution. The engineering properties that were measured include the water content, void ratio, Atterberg limit, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength. The results indicate that the multitude of changes in the properties and behavior of cement-treated marine clay can be explained by interaction of four underlying microstructural mechanisms. These mechanisms are the production of hydrated lime by the hydration reaction which causes flocculation of the illite clay particles, preferential attack of the calcium ions on kaolinite rather than on illite in the pozzolanic reaction, surface deposition and shallow infilling by cementitious products on clay clusters, as well as the presence of water trapped within the clay clusters.

Physicochemical and engineering behavior of cement treated clays

http://cec.sut.ac.th/download/published/CBM-micro.pdf

Analysis of strength development in cement-stabilized silty clay from microstructural considerations

This paper presents details of a study that deals with determination of engineering properties, identification of phases of major hydration products, and microstructural characteristics of a zinc-c...

Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of cement-stabilized zinc-contaminated kaolin

This report presents information on the characterization of cementitiously stabilized layers and the properties that influence pavement performance. It also contains recommended performance-related procedures for characterizing these layers and performance-prediction models for incorporation into the mechanistic–empirical pavement analysis methods. Individual chapters highlight pavement distresses of hot-mix asphalt pavements and concrete pavements, laboratory tests and model development, and model calibration. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state materials, pavement, and construction engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavement design and construction.

Characterization of Cementitiously Stabilized Layers for Use in Pavement Design and Analysis

This paper examines the structuration and destructuration characteristics of cement-treated Singapore marine clay and their relation to the observed microstructural behavior. The pozzolanic reaction is found to be very significant up to curing periods of 1 year , and thus the unconfined compressive strength increases notably leading to the formation of more structured treated clay. Due to the effect of structuration (existing of cementation bond), the yield stress increases resulting in an expansion of the yield surface and failure envelope under compression and shearing. The microstructural observation of treated clay structure at various stress levels from one-dimensional consolidation shows that destructuration (breaking of cementation bond) is progressive; the largest intercluster voids being the first affected. As the consolidation proceeds, both inter and intracluster voids are affected. Consolidated undrained triaxial results reveal that complete destructuration only takes place on the shear plane ...

Structuration and Destructuration Behavior of Cement-Treated Singapore Marine Clay

This paper examines the microstructural behaviour of cement-treated soft Singapore marine clay. The microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, (XRD) scanning electron microscopy, (SEM) mercury intrusion porosimetry, and laser diffractometric measurement of particle size distribution. The XRD analysis of cement-treated clay enables the identification of the formation of cementitious products, namely calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium aluminium silicate hydrate (CASH). The relative amount of cementitious products (CSH + CASH) is found to increase with increase of the cement content. The fabric of the treated clay changes to flocculated type, comprising clay-cement clusters separated by large intercluster voids with smaller intra-cluster pores, as can be seen from the SEM images of treated clay. This change is more pronounced with higher cement content and prolonged curing time. The flocculation of the clay particles also causes water to be trapped within the clay-cement cluster and inc...

A. H. M. Kamruzzaman

Papers

Physicochemical and engineering behavior of cement treated clays

Structuration and Destructuration Behavior of Cement-Treated Singapore Marine Clay

Microstructure of cement-treated Singapore marine clay

Engineering Behaviour of Cement Treated Singapore Marine Clay

Behavior of Soft Singapore Marine Clay Treated with Cement