Uneconomical extension of the grid has led to generation of electric power at the end user facility and has been proved to be cost effective and to an extent efficient. With augmented significance on eco-friendly technologies the use of renewable energy sources such as micro-hydro, wind, solar, biomass and biogas is being explored. This paper presents an extensive review on various issues related to Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) based power generation. Issues related to integration configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and system control for energy flow management are discussed in detail. For stand-alone applications integration of renewable energy sources, performed through DC coupled, AC coupled or hybrid DC–AC coupled configurations, are studied in detail. Based on the requirement of storage duration in isolated areas, storage technology options can be selected for integrated systems. Uncertainties involved in designing an effective IRES based power generation system for isolated areas is accounted due to highly dynamic nature of availability of sources and the demand at site. Different methodologies adopted and reported in literature for sizing of the system components are presented. Distributed control, centralized and hybrid control schemes for energy flow management in IRES have also been discussed.

A review on Integrated Renewable Energy System based power generation for stand-alone applications: Configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and control

In this paper an extensive literature review on load–frequency control (LFC) problem in power system has been highlighted. The various configuration of power system models and control techniques/strategies that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems. Further, investigations on LFC challenges incorporating storage devices BESS/SMES, FACTS devices, wind–diesel and PV systems etc have been discussed too.

A literature survey on load–frequency control for conventional and distribution generation power systems

The deployment of energy storage systems (ESSs) is a significant avenue for maximising the energy efficiency of a distribution network, and overall network performance can be enhanced by their optimal placement, sizing, and operation. An optimally sized and placed ESS can facilitate peak energy demand fulfilment, enhance the benefits from the integration of renewables and distributed energy sources, aid power quality management, and reduce distribution network expansion costs. This paper provides an overview of optimal ESS placement, sizing, and operation. It considers a range of grid scenarios, targeted performance objectives, applied strategies, ESS types, and advantages and limitations of the proposed systems and approaches. While batteries are widely used as ESSs in various applications, the detailed comparative analysis of ESS technical characteristics suggests that flywheel energy storage (FES) also warrants consideration in some distribution network scenarios. This research provides recommendations for related requirements or procedures, appropriate ESS selection, smart ESS charging and discharging, ESS sizing, placement and operation, and power quality issues. Furthermore, this study identifies future research opportunities in relation to challenges for optimal ESS placement planning, development and implementation issues, optimisation techniques, social impacts, and energy security.

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Overview of energy storage systems in distribution networks: Placement, sizing, operation, and power quality

Pumped storage-based standalone photovoltaic power generation system: Modeling and techno-economic optimization

Feasibility study and economic analysis of pumped hydro storage and battery storage for a renewable energy powered island

GA based frequency controller for solar thermal–diesel–wind hybrid energy generation/energy storage system

The organic Rankine cycle solar–thermal power system is a promising concept for the distributed energy market. The present work investigates the automatic generation control of an autonomous hybrid energy system based on organic Rankine cycle solar–thermal technology. Any mismatch between the active power generation and consumption in the hybrid energy system manifests itself as a frequency deviation from the nominal system frequency. To confront the frequency excursion problem, the present work considers auto

Automatic Generation Control of an Organic Rankine Cycle Solar–Thermal/Wind–Diesel Hybrid Energy System

Small signal stability analysis of dish-Stirling solar thermal based autonomous hybrid energy system

The aim of this paper is the tuning of a PI controller using PSO techniques for autonomous hybrid energy generation/energy storage system. The autonomous hybrid generation system consisting of wind turbine generators (WTG), solar photovoltaic (PV), diesel engine generators (DEG), fuel cells (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS), ultra capacitors ( UC) and aqua electrolyzer (AE) has been considered for simulation studies. The power system frequency deviates for sudden changes in load or generation or the both. The comparative performance of the controllers installed to alleviate this frequency deviation for different hybrid systems, is carried out using time domain simulation. In practice, PI controller is tuned manually which is difficult and time consuming. The computational intelligence has opened paths to a new generation of advanced process control. Here, PSO is used for optimization of controller gains of the proposed hybrid system. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSO based controller in terms of reduced settling time, overshoot and oscillations. The results are compared with conventional controller.

PSO based frequency controller for wind-solar-diesel hybrid energy generation/energy storage system

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A. K. Roy

Papers

GA based frequency controller for solar thermal–diesel–wind hybrid energy generation/energy storage system

Automatic Generation Control of an Organic Rankine Cycle Solar–Thermal/Wind–Diesel Hybrid Energy System

Small signal stability analysis of dish-Stirling solar thermal based autonomous hybrid energy system

PSO based frequency controller for wind-solar-diesel hybrid energy generation/energy storage system

Performance analysis of an energy-efficient pcm-based room cooling system