High population densities of Monacha cartusianawere observed to cause perdition of various economic crops at Sharkia Governorate. The present study was carried out control this harmful pest using ethanolic Ginger extract as a natural and environmentally safe molluscicide.Toxicological tests revealed that low concentration (20%) of ethanolic Ginger extract caused 10 % mortalityof cloversnails after one day of exposure and 66.7% mortalityafter28 days. The highest mortality percentage (90 %) was recorded after 28 days of treatment with40% Ginger extract. Biochemical investigations showed thatLC25 (7.04%) Ginger extract elevated ALT, AST, α & β esterases andphenoloxidase levels of treated snails compared to control.Histological inspections of the digestive gland and ovotestis of snails exposed to LC25Ginger extract revealed that the digestive tubules showedvarious tubularanomalies, inflammatory hemocytes infiltration, excessive luminal secretionsand appearanceof necrotic areas. Acini of ovotestis weredeformedand comprised misshapen eggs and distorted sperms.TEM investigations showed cellular malformations in the digestive gland of treated snails including; severely disrupted microvilli, ruptured cell membranes, fractured RER and mitochondrial pyknosis.

https://ajbs.journals.ekb.eg/article_64003_eb5a4156a03304837b28340963faf8a8.pdf

Control of the glassy clover snails Monacha cartusiana using Zingiber officinale extract as an ecofriendly molluscicide

Snails control is considered the most effective method in reducing the transmission of bilharziasis. The molluscicidal activity of Punica granatum, commonly grown in Taif and three wild plants; Solanum incanum, Calotropis procera and Citrullus colocynthis was investigated against Biomphalaria arabica, the intermediate host of Schistsoma mansoni, in Saudi Arabia. Alcohol extracts of fruits, leaves, stems and roots of the tested plants were evaluated for their lethal activity against adult snails of B. arabica and embryos of egg-masses. All the four tested plants exerted toxic lethal effect against both adult snails and their embryos. The extract of the rind of P. granatum fruit was significantly (p 0.05) more potent than other parts of the same plant and extracts of the other plants.The LC and LC of the fruit rind of P. granatum extract were 48 and 50 90 100 ppm respectively, while those of the other tested plants were 325-600 ppm and 575-950 ppm respectively. On the other hand, the LC and LC of P. granatum fruit against embryos of snail egg-mass were 65 and 50 90 150 ppm respectively and for the of the other tested extracts, they ranged between 425-1000 ppm and 650->1000 ppm respectively. It may be concluded that of the four tested plants, the extract of pomegranate rind could be considered as a candidate for control of B. arabica snail. P. granatum extract also has the advantage of being friendly to the environment as it is safe to fishes and animals.

/pdf/evaluation-of-the-molluscicidal-activity-of-punica-granatum-4a45pmzl3z.pdf

Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Punica granatum, Calotropis procera, Solanum incanum and Citrullus colocynthis Against Biomphalaria arabica

The present study was designed to evaluate the mode of action and neuropathological effect of Selecron, Bayluscide and ethanolic extract of Anagalis arvensis on the neurons of the cerebral ganglia in the freshwater snail B. alexandrina. The snails were subjected to lethal concentration (LC ) of each compound 90 (3.468 ppm for Selecron, 0.082 ppm for Bayluscide and 38.129 ppm for ethanolic extract of A. arvensis) till death of snails after 90 minutes. Then the snails were dissected and the cerebral ganglia were removed. Electron microscopical examination of treated animals revealed severe ultrastructural alterations in the cerebral ganglia. These alterations included hyperchromatic, pyknotic or highly shrunken nuclei, extreme indentation of plasma membrane, atrophy of the perikarya of some neurons, margination of nucleoli, fragmentation or dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, damage of mitochondria and vacuolation and destruction of cytoplasm. In addition, degenerated synaptic vesicles and increased number of autophagosomes and myelin figures were frequently observed In the present study the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) activities was measured in B. alexandrina snails exposed to the same concentration of the tested compounds. The AChE activities in B. alexandrina showed wide variation along the treated snails and control snails, The AChE activities in B. alexandrina decreased significantly at bayluside bayluside (-55.3% reduction) followed by Selecron (-49.2% reduction) and A. arvensis (-39.9% reduction).

/pdf/mode-of-action-of-some-molluscicides-on-neurons-of-y2ugt4o59r.pdf

A. Kamelia El-Sayed

Papers

Mode of Action of Some Molluscicides on Neurons of Biomphalaria alexandrina Snail