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Mode of Action of Some Molluscicides on Neurons of Biomphalaria alexandrina Snail
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TLDR
Electron microscopical examination of treated animals revealed severe ultrastructural alterations in the cerebral ganglia that included hyperchromatic, pyknotic or highly shrunken nuclei, extreme indentation of plasma membrane, atrophy of the perikarya of some neurons, margination of nucleoli, fragmentation or dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum.Abstract:
The present study was designed to evaluate the mode of action and neuropathological effect of Selecron, Bayluscide and ethanolic extract of Anagalis arvensis on the neurons of the cerebral ganglia in the freshwater snail B. alexandrina. The snails were subjected to lethal concentration (LC ) of each compound 90 (3.468 ppm for Selecron, 0.082 ppm for Bayluscide and 38.129 ppm for ethanolic extract of A. arvensis) till death of snails after 90 minutes. Then the snails were dissected and the cerebral ganglia were removed. Electron microscopical examination of treated animals revealed severe ultrastructural alterations in the cerebral ganglia. These alterations included hyperchromatic, pyknotic or highly shrunken nuclei, extreme indentation of plasma membrane, atrophy of the perikarya of some neurons, margination of nucleoli, fragmentation or dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, damage of mitochondria and vacuolation and destruction of cytoplasm. In addition, degenerated synaptic vesicles and increased number of autophagosomes and myelin figures were frequently observed In the present study the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE) activities was measured in B. alexandrina snails exposed to the same concentration of the tested compounds. The AChE activities in B. alexandrina showed wide variation along the treated snails and control snails, The AChE activities in B. alexandrina decreased significantly at bayluside bayluside (-55.3% reduction) followed by Selecron (-49.2% reduction) and A. arvensis (-39.9% reduction).read more
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Control of the glassy clover snails Monacha cartusiana using Zingiber officinale extract as an ecofriendly molluscicide
TL;DR: Control of Monacha cartusian pest using ethanolic Ginger extract as a natural and environmentally safe molluscicide revealed cellular malformations in the digestive gland of treated snails including; severely disrupted microvilli, ruptured cell membranes, fractured RER and mitochondrial pyknosis.
Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Punica granatum, Calotropis procera, Solanum incanum and Citrullus colocynthis Against Biomphalaria arabica
TL;DR: Of the four tested plants, the extract of pomegranate rind could be considered as a candidate for control of B. arabica snail and has the advantage of being friendly to the environment as it is safe to fishes and animals.
References
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TL;DR: A photometric method for determining acetylcholinesterase activity of tissue extracts, homogenates, cell suspensions, etc., has been described and Kinetic constants determined by this system for erythrocyte eholinesterases are presented.
A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments.
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TL;DR: The method provides means for the rapid test of parallelism of two curves and easy computation of relative potency with its confidence limits and its accuracy is commensurate with the nature of dose-per cent effect data.
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A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments
J. T. Litchfield,F Wilcoxon +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a rapid graphic method for approximating the median effective dose and the slope of dose-per-cent effect curves is presented, and confidence limits of both of these parameters for 19/20 probability are given by the method.
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Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity as effect criterion in acute tests with juvenile Daphnia magna.
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TL;DR: The results indicated that the in vivo AChE inhibition test is selective, being very sensitive to detect toxicity of the organophosphates tested, and less time consuming, requires less human effort and produces less toxic waste than conventional acute bioassays and the in vitro A cholinesterase inhibition test.
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Tributyltin triggers apoptosis in trout hepatocytes: the role of Ca2+, protein kinase C and proteases.
TL;DR: TBT could trigger apoptosis through a step involving Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum or other intracellular pools and by mechanisms involving cysteine proteases, such as calpains, as well as the phosphorylation status of apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 homologues.