A study is conducted to demonstrate catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes on metals and metal oxides. The study provides a complete overview of the materials used to catalyze this reaction, as dehydrogenation for the production of light olefins has become extremely relevant. Relevant factors, such as the specific nature of the active sites, as well as the effect of support, promoters, and reaction feed on catalyst performance and lifetime, are discussed for each catalytic Material. The study compares different catalysts in terms of the reaction mechanism and deactivation pathways and catalytic performance. The duration of the dehydrogenation step depends on the heat content of the catalyst bed, which decreases rapidly due to the endothermic nature of the reaction. Part of the heat required for the reaction is introduced to the reactors by preheating the reaction feed, additional heat being provided by adjacent reactors that are regenerating the coked catalysts.

Catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes on metals and metal oxides.

This review summarizes published data on catalytic performances of different vanadium-containing oxides, including unsupported and supported V2O5, vanadates, solid solutions and mixed phases, in the oxidative dehydrogenation of C2–C5 alkanes. The analysis of the structure-activity relationships shows that various species characterized by a different reactivity exist on the surface of these catalysts. There are some indications that tetrahedral vanadium species are the most favourable for alkane oxidehydrogenation. Its intrinsic activity seems to be largely dependent on the structure of the nearest surrounding and, therefore, can be modified by changing the nature and number of the neighbouring ions. Although the reaction mechanism is generally accepted to be through the redox cycle between V5+ and V4+, opposite relationships between catalyst activity/selectivity and reducibility have been established, even for the same catalytic systems. No clear interpretation regarding the mode of alkane activation can be derived from a survey of the literature. This and some other aspects of the reaction mechanism need further studies at a molecular level.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes on vanadium oxide-based catalysts. The present state of the art and outlooks

Dramatically increased CO2 concentration from several point sources is perceived to cause severe greenhouse effect towards the serious ongoing global warming with associated climate destabilization, inducing undesirable natural calamities, melting of glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) has received tremendous attention due to its significant role in intensifying global warming. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state-of-the-art progress of promising CCU techniques, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such advanced techniques with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. Thus, it is imperative to provide a timely review, given the fast growth of sophisticated CO2 capture and utilization materials and their implementation. In this work, we critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO2 adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO2 capture ability and advances in CO2 utilization. Their industrial applications in pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture as well as utilization were systematically discussed and compared. With our great effort, this review would be of significant importance for academic researchers for obtaining an overall understanding of the current developments and future trends of CCU. This work is bound to benefit researchers in fields relating to CCU and facilitate the progress of significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications to deliver perspective views for future scientific and industrial advances in CCU.

Industrial carbon dioxide capture and utilization: state of the art and future challenges

Catalytic dry reforming of natural gas for the production of chemicals and hydrogen

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas was studied by employing a Ni/La2O3 catalyst as well as conventional nickel-based catalysts, i.e., Ni/γ-Al2O3, Ni/CaO/γ-Al2O3, and Ni/CaO. It is observed that, in contrast to conventional nickel-based catalysts, which exhibit continuous deactivation with time on stream, the rate of reaction over the Ni/La2O3 catalyst increases during the initial 2−5 h and then tends to be essentially invariable with time on stream. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies show that the surface carbon on spent Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is dominated by −C−C− species that eventually block the entire Ni surface, leading to total loss of activity. The surface carbon on the working Ni/La2O3 catalyst is found to consist of −C−C− species and a large amount of oxidized carbon. Both XPS and secondary ion mass spectrometry results reveal that a large fraction of surface Ni on the working Ni/La2O3 catalyst is not shielded by carbon deposition. FTIR studies reveal that the enhancement...

Comparative Study of Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas over Ni/La2O3 and Conventional Nickel-Based Catalysts

The great interest displayed lately in heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide is caused by two reasons: (1) the necessity to fight the greenhouse effect and (2) the exhaust of carbon raw material sources. Reactions of oxidative transformation of organic compounds of different classes (alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols) with a nontraditional oxidant, carbon dioxide, were studied on oxide catalysts Fe-O, Cr-O, Mn-O and on multicomponent systems based on manganese oxide. The supported manganese oxide catalysts are active, selective, and stable in conversion of the CH[sub 4] + CO[sub 2] mixture into synthesis gas and in oxidative dehydrogenation of C[sub 2] [minus] C[sub 7] hydrocarbons and the lower alcohols. Unlike metal catalysts manganese oxide based catalysts do not form a carbon layer during the reaction.

Catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols by carbon dioxide on oxide catalysts

The regularities in the interaction of alkanes with CO2 on oxide catalysts

The most important classes of heterogeneous catalytic reactions involving CO2 are examined: the incorporation of CO2 in the C–C, C–H, and C–N bonds with formation of carbonyl- and carboxyl-containing compounds and oxidation of other compounds by CO2. Reactions of the second class are more promising from the standpoint of the utilisation of carbon dioxide as a chemical raw material and from the standpoint of the solution of the ecological problems involving its utilisation from the gaseous waste discharged into the atmosphere. The reactions involving the oxidation of C1–C7 hydrocarbons and C1–C2 alcohols by carbon dioxide, which have been investigated by the authors of this review, are examined in detail. Catalysts based on manganese oxides are most effective in these reactions. The bibliography includes 231 references.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/RC1995v064n09ABEH000182/pdf

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Interaction of carbon dioxide with methane on oxide catalysts

Summary Reaction of oxidative transformation of organic compounds of different classes (alkanes, alkanes, alcohols) with non-traditional oxidant, carbon dioxide, are studied on oxide catalysts Ni-O, Cr-O, Mn-O and on multicomponent systems based on manganese oxide. Supported manganese oxide catalysts are active, selective and stable in conversion of CH 4 +CO 2 into synthesis gas and in oxidative dehydrogenation of higher hydrocarbons and alcohols. Unlike metal catalysts Mn oxide based catalysts do not form a carbon layer during the reaction.

A.Kh. Mamedov

Papers

Catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols by carbon dioxide on oxide catalysts

The regularities in the interaction of alkanes with CO2 on oxide catalysts

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of carbon dioxide

Interaction of carbon dioxide with methane on oxide catalysts

Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Compounds