Introduction, Allen V. Barker and David J. Pilbeam Essential Elements-Macronutrients Nitrogen, Allen V. Barker and Gretchen M. Bryson Phosphorus, Charles A. Sanchez Potassium, Konrad Mengel Calcium, David J. Pilbeam and Philip S. Morley Magnesium, Donald J. Merhaut Sulfur, Silvia Haneklaus, Elke Bloem, Ewald Schnug, Luit J. de Kok and Ineke Stulen Essential Elements-Micronutrients Boron, Umesh C. Gupta Chlorine, Joseph R. Heckman Copper, David E. Kopsel and Dean A. Kopsell Iron, Volker Roemheld and Miroslav Nikolic Manganese, Julia M. Humphries, James C.R. Stangoulis, and Robin D. Graham Molybdenum, Russell L. Hamlin Nickel, Patrick H. Brown Zinc, J. Benton Storey Beneficial Elements Aluminum, Susan C. Miyasaka, N.V. Hue, and Michael A. Dunn Cobalt, Geeta Talukder and Archana Sharmaz Selenium, Dean A. Kopsell and David E. Kopsell Silicon, George H. Snyder, Vladimir V. Matichenkov and Lawrence E. Datnoff Sodium, John Gorham Vanadium, David J Pilbeam and K Drihem Conclusion, Allen V. Barker and David J Pilbeam

Handbook of plant nutrition

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Belladona F 1 ) plants were either self-grafted or grafted onto the rootstock 'He-Man' and grown in recirculating nutrient solution with low, standard, or high manganese (Mn) concentrations (2, 15, and 100 μM, respectively). The concentrations of all nutrients except Mn were identical in all treatments. The objectives of the experiment were to test whether grafted tomato plants have a higher or lower ability to withstand deficient or toxic levels of Mn in the root zone and to study the effects of grafting on nutrient uptake and translocation to the aerial organs. Both excessive and insufficient Mn concentrations in the root zone significantly reduced the number of fruit per plant, whereas mean fruit weight was unaffected by external Mn concentrations ranging from ≈1 to 100 μM. The excessive external Mn concentration caused the leaf Mn concentration to increase beyond the critically high level at the expense of leaf and root iron and zinc concentrations but without significant differences between the grafting treatments. The fruit yield of plants grafted onto 'He-Man' was significantly lower than that of self-grafted plants when the Mn concentration in the root zone was excessively high. This response might be associated with the lower translocation of magnesium (Mg) to the leaves of plants grafted onto 'He-Man' in comparison with the self-grafted plants, resulting in lower Mg/Mn ratios in the leaves. Grafting onto 'He-Man' also restricted the leaf and root iron and copper concentrations but enhanced those of potassium. Overall, tomato cv. Belladona proved to be more tolerant to excess Mn than to Mn deficiency in terms of vegetative growth and fruit yield.

https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/44/7/article-p1978.pdf

Interactive Effects of Grafting and Manganese Supply on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato

The phytoremediation ability of a polyculture constructed wetland to treat boron from mine effluent.

The interfering effects of copper, zinc, and cobalt on the uptake of mugineic acid-ferric complex were studied in barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Minorimugi) grown in nutrient solution. Short-term uptake experiments of 3 h were performed utilizing both ionic and mugineic acid-complex forms of each metal at two different concentrations. Copper was most effective in decreasing iron uptake when added in an ionic form at either concentration. The inhibition order at higher concentrations followed Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≥ Co(II), Co(III), which is consistent with the stability constants of these metal complexes with mugineic acid. The displacement of iron from its mugineic acid complex by these metals is suggested as a probable explanation for the decreased iron uptake. The inhibitory effect of metal complexes with mugineic acid on iron uptake was only found in cases with higher concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Deformation of the specific iron transport system in the plasma membrane due to their adsorption may be responsible for this effect.

Inhibition of mugineic acid-ferric complex uptake in barley by copper, zinc and cobalt

Temperature and nutrition are two major components of environmental variation that provide significant limitations to a successful crop production. Increasing temperatures during grain filling interacts, at a metabolic level, with growth duration and filling rates, as well as with grain maturity and quality. At a nutritional level, temperature is also linked to uptake and translocation rates to roots and shoots tissues, which determines crop production. Nevertheless, these interacting effects are closely related to Triticum species and genotypes tolerance to heat stress, particularly during grain filling. In this context, the interactions of heat stress on the nutrient status and on the photosynthetic performance becomes determinant to the mobilization of photoassimilates to the grain and on the definition of its quality. In this review, an overview is presented on the tolerance of bread and durum wheat to heat stress, considering mineral nutrition, cellular membrane thermotolerance, the photosynthetic functioning, grain filling rate and duration and ultrastructure and biochemical traits of bread and durum wheat grains.

Bread and durum wheat tolerance under heat stress: A synoptical overview

Using a factorial design with deficient to toxic levels of Mn and B, the absorption and distribution of Fe in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum, var. Marglobe), grown hydroponically in a greenhouse was studied. B was added to disturb growth and hence nutrient demands. Deficient or normal Mn levels antagonize Fe absorption, but the reverse was true when Mn reached toxic values; nevertheless, Mn effect was always antagonistic on Fe transport. A hypothesis for explaining the above-related results, together with P and Ca absorption and distribution, is proposed. Mn/Fe in the shoot is not related at all with plant growth. B levels influence Fe absorption and translocation paralleling the dry matter production.

A. Leal

Papers

Iron-manganese interaction and its relation to boron levels in tomato plants