Recent developments on the optical properties of thin films of chalcogenide glasses

Diabetic kidney disease remains the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease in the world. Despite reductions in incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke in people with diabetes over the past 3 decades, the risk of diabetic kidney disease has remained unchanged, and may even be increasing in younger individuals afflicted with this disease. Accordingly, changes in public health policy have to be implemented to address the root causes of diabetic kidney disease, including the rise of obesity and diabetes, in addition to the use of safe and effective pharmacological agents to prevent cardiorenal complications in people with diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapies that are either in clinical practice or that are emerging in clinical development programs for potential use to treat diabetic kidney disease.

/pdf/the-new-biology-of-diabetic-kidney-disease-mechanisms-and-48cce20dpw.pdf

The New Biology of Diabetic Kidney Disease-Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6641/aa5ee0/pdf

Linear and non-linear optical properties of Ag-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films estimated by single transmission spectra

Decreasing the band gap of a material due to metal impurities has been approved through several studies, and this subject is considered as a major area of interest within the optoelectronic applications. Indium-based chalcogenides have been considered good candidates in nonlinear optics due to their ability to transmit in the infrared region. Hence, Ge18Se82 has been alloyed with In. The nature of the chemical ordering of amorphous samples of Ge18Se82−xInx (x = 0, 2, 4 and 6) have been systematically studied. The aim of present investigation is to understand the role of chemical composition and mean-coordination number in determining their structural and physical properties. The compactness, δ, of alloyed samples has been calculated from their measured densities, and values obtained have been interpreted using the topological model proposed to describe the atomic arrangements in these alloys. The variation of the glass transition temperature, T
 g, with the average coordination number, Z, has been investigated. The compositional dependence of the mean atomic volume, V
 m, has also been determined. The free volume percentage, FVP, in Ge18Se82−xInx amorphous samples and their fragility indices, m, have been determined to examine the relationship with the mean-coordination number. We have also analyzed the obtained results on the basis of average single bond energy and electronegativity.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00339-015-9180-6.pdf

Analysis of chemical ordering and fragility for Ge–Se–In glasses

The results of studies that have been performed over the last decade in the field of development of silver halide and nonsilver holographic recording media of organic and inorganic origin are analyzed. It is shown that previously developed materials mainly allow the development of holographic investigations. Among irreversible materials, considerable progress has been made in improving the characteristics of photopolymerizable recording media, which has allowed their use in color image holography and 3D optical archive-type memory, as well as for fabricating holographic optical elements. In the field of improving the properties of reversible holographic recording media, practically significant results have been obtained for the creation of photoanisotropic materials based on azo dyes experiencing cis–trans photoisomerization, which allow the recording of polarization holograms. The needs of dynamic holography have been satisfied by lightsensitive doped inorganic crystals and polymer layers that have been created with nonlinear optical properties.

The Current Status of the Development of Light-Sensitive Media for Holography (a Review)

Direct surface relief formation on As2S3–Se nanomultilayers in dependence on polarization states of recording beams

Processes of e-beam and holographic recording of surface relief structures using Ge5As37S58–Se multilayer nanostructures as registering media were studied in this paper. Optical properties of Ge5As37S58, Se layers, and Ge5As37S58–Se multilayer nanostructures were investigated. Spectral dependencies of refractive index were analyzed within the frames of single oscillator model. Values of optical band gaps for Ge5As37S58, Se layers, and Ge5As37S58–Se multilayer nanostructures were obtained from Tauc dependencies. Using e-beam and holographic recording, diffraction gratings were fabricated in Ge5As37S58–Se multilayer nanostructures. Images of Ukraine and Moldova state emblems were obtained by e-beam recording. Image size consisted of 512 × 512 pixels (size of 1 pixel was ~2 μm). Ge5As37S58–Se multilayer nanostructures are perspective for the direct recording of holographic diffraction gratings and other optical elements.

/pdf/holographic-and-e-beam-image-recording-in-ge5as37s58-se-20ykp069w8.pdf

Holographic and e-Beam Image Recording in Ge5As37S58-Se Nanomultilayer Structures.

For the first time direct one-step relief formation of holographic grating with the use of amorphous chalcogenide nanomultilayers of new composition based on Ge 5 As 37 S 58 –Se was studied. Amorphous Ge 5 As 37 S 58 –Se nanomultilayers were prepared by cyclic thermal vacuum deposition. Optical constants of Ge 5 As 37 S 58 –Se nanomultilayers, Ge 5 As 37 S 58 and α-Se films were obtained from transmission spectra. AFM and Raman investigations were performed for morphology and structural characterization on pointed films. Holographic diffraction gratings with diffraction efficiency of 18% in transmission measured at wavelength λ = 650 nm were directly recorded in one step without etching. High quality of grating sinusoidal relief up to ~ 100 nm groove depth was studied by AFM.

Surface relief formation in Ge5As37S58–Se nanomultilayers

Processes of holographic recording of surface relief structures using As2S3:Mn–Se multilayer nanostructures as registering media were studied in this paper. Optical properties of As2S3:Mn, Se layers, and As2S3:Mn–Se multilayer nanostructures were investigated. Values of optical bandgaps were obtained from Tauc dependencies. Surface relief diffraction gratings were recorded. Direct one-stage formation of surface relief using multilayer nanostructures is considered. For the first time, possibility of direct formation of magnetic relief simultaneous with surface relief formation under optical recording using As2S3:Mn–Se multilayer nanostructures is shown.

/pdf/direct-magnetic-relief-recording-using-as40s60-mn-se-4izo2rx5pq.pdf

A. Prisacar

Papers

Direct surface relief formation on As2S3–Se nanomultilayers in dependence on polarization states of recording beams

Holographic and e-Beam Image Recording in Ge5As37S58-Se Nanomultilayer Structures.

Surface relief formation in Ge5As37S58–Se nanomultilayers

Direct Magnetic Relief Recording Using As40S60: Mn–Se Nanocomposite Multilayer Structures

Structural properties of Ag–As–S chalcogenide glasses in phase separation region and their application in holographic grating recording