Clustering Objectives in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey and Research Direction Analysis

Machine learning-based coronary artery disease diagnosis: A comprehensive review.

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have played a major role in applications such as tracking and monitoring in remote environments. Designing energy efficient protocols for routing of data events is a major challenge due to the dynamic topology and distributed nature of WSNs. Main aim of the paper is to discuss hierarchical routing protocols in order to improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime. This paper provides a discussion about hierarchical energy efficient routing protocols based on classical and swarm intelligence approach. The routing protocols belonging to both categories can be summarized according to energy efficiency, data aggregation, location awareness, QoS, scalability, load balancing, fault tolerance, query based and multipath. A systematic literature review has been conducted for hierarchical energy efficient routing protocols reported from 2012 to 2017. This survey provides a technical direction for researchers on how to develop routing protocols. Finally, research gaps in the reviewed protocols and the potential future aspects have been discussed.

Comprehensive review for energy efficient hierarchical routing protocols on wireless sensor networks

Due to its simplicity and efficiency, a recently proposed optimization algorithm, Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), has gained the interest of researchers from various fields for solving optimization problems. However, it is prone to premature convergence at local minima as it lacks internal memory. To overcome this drawback, a novel Hybrid SCA-PSO algorithm for solving optimization problems and object tracking is proposed. The P b e s t and G b e s t components of PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is added to traditional SCA to guide the search process for potential candidate solutions and PSO is then initialized with P b e s t of SCA to exploit the search space further. The proposed algorithm combines the exploitation capability of PSO and exploration capability of SCA to achieve optimal global solutions. The effectiveness of this algorithm is evaluated using 23 classical, CEC 2005 and CEC 2014 benchmark functions. Statistical parameters are employed to observe the efficiency of the Hybrid SCA-PSO qualitatively and results prove that the proposed algorithm is very competitive compared to the state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms. The Hybrid SCA-PSO algorithm is applied for object tracking as a real thought-provoking case study. Experimental results show that the Hybrid SCA-PSO-based tracker can robustly track an arbitrary target in various challenging conditions. To reveal the capability of the proposed algorithm, comparative studies of tracking accuracy and speed of the Hybrid SCA-PSO based tracking framework and other trackers, viz., Particle filter, Mean-shift, Particle swarm optimization, Bat algorithm, Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Hybrid Gravitational Search Algorithm (HGSA) is presented.

A synergy of the sine-cosine algorithm and particle swarm optimizer for improved global optimization and object tracking

This paper focuses on the realization of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture to optimize waste management in the context of Smart Cities. In particular, a novel typology of sensor node based on the use of low cost and low power components is described. This node is provided with a single-chip microcontroller, a sensor able to measure the filling level of trash bins using ultrasounds and a data transmission module based on the LoRa LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology. Together with the node, a minimal network architecture was designed, based on a LoRa gateway, with the purpose of testing the IoT node performances. Especially, the paper analyzes in detail the node architecture, focusing on the energy saving technologies and policies, with the purpose of extending the batteries lifetime by reducing power consumption, through hardware and software optimization. Tests on sensor and radio module effectiveness are also presented.

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A Low Power IoT Sensor Node Architecture for Waste Management Within Smart Cities Context.

In IEEE 802.16m networks, the existing power saving models (PSMs) had been developed by assuming traffic as Poisson arrival with exponential interarrival time or generalized traffic process. However, the mobile Internet traffic presumes Pareto/Weibull arrival with Pareto interarrival time. The existing PSM with this traffic causes frequent battery drain out at the mobile stations (MSs) with inappropriateness of the sleep parameters. Hence, in this paper, a PSM is derived for MS with mobile Internet traffic by considering the traffic parameters, namely scaling, shaping and location or threshold. A combined power saving class (PSC) is also suggested to improve the system performance with the developed PSM. The effectiveness of the developed model is validated by means of numerical results.

Investigation on Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16m Networks in Mobile Internet Traffic

Unmanned aerial vehicle localization for device-to-device communication in fifth generation networks using modified penguin search optimization

The rapid growth of smart manufacturing leads to an increase in the power consumption of the equipment used and has the challenges like misuse of equipment, operator safety, and protection of equipment from any electrical disturbances or sudden power surge. This paper aims in creating a smart access control unit with a Dual Access Energy Monitoring (DAEM) system. Here, the equipment is restricted to use by the authorized individual under its working limits. The access control for energy monitoring has been carried out using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IEEE 802.11ac with the design of customized breakout board. The DAEM has been carried out by comparing the electrical characteristics like current, voltage, active power, apparent power, and power factor with their preset warning and trip threshold values. Using DAEM, the electrical circuit overload is prevented ensuring the operator’s safety. Moreover, the timer in the circuit will automatically disconnect the load from the mains after a timeout to prevent unnecessary wastage of energy.

Development of dual access energy monitoring for the smart control system

S. No Paper ID Session Title Embedded, Optical and Mobile Communication, Network Security

Energy consumption reduction is important factor in wireless communication and this problem should be properly addressed. Green cellular communication is nothing but environmental friendly approached for reduction of energy consumption. One of the green cellular communication methodology is implementation of the coordinated multi point (CoMP) transmission. In the traditional methodology, when a BS is switched off, the user in its coverage is provided service from the neighboring BS's by increasing their power, thus energy consumption of that particular BS's increases. But with the implementation with CoMP the neighboring BS's coordinate to serve the user. Main objective of the paper is to analyze how the implementation of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission is better than the non — CoMP scenario by calculation of some parameters. In order to see how utilization of coordinated multipoint transmission could improve the user experience certain parameters like SINR (signal to noise interference ratio) and RATE have been plotted and calculated. SINR when implemented with CoMP have shown 75% improvement compared to that of Without CoMP and RATE has improved 3 times when implemented with CoMP Hence, these parameters have shown a significant improvement when implemented with coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP) compared to that of Without CoMP transmission.

A. Rajesh

Papers

Investigation on Power Saving Mechanism for IEEE 802.16m Networks in Mobile Internet Traffic

Unmanned aerial vehicle localization for device-to-device communication in fifth generation networks using modified penguin search optimization

Development of dual access energy monitoring for the smart control system

S. No Paper ID Session Title Embedded, Optical and Mobile Communication, Network Security

Green mobile communication and performance analysis of coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission