The Islamic Republic of Iran has a long history of medicine. The principles derived from core Islamic teachings provide a comprehensive moral, ethical, and legal framework for the practice of medicine. The issue of brain death has significant impact on the procurement of organs from cadavers. It is a major subject of debate and interest to bioscientisits, legal experts, religious scholars, and the general public. Laws related to the ethical and legal aspects of cadaver organ donation from the brain dead have not been defined in many Muslim countries. This report presents recent advances in Iranian law with regard to the ethics of organ transplantation and the definition of brain death.

Brain death: Recent ethical and religious considerations in Iran

Organ trafficking is an illegal means of meeting the shortage of transplants The activity flourishes for several interacting reasons, such as medical needs, poverty and criminality Other factors are fundamental conceptual structures such as the dream of the regenerative body as well as the view of the body as an object of utility and an object of value The article aims to go behind the normative discussions that usually surround organ trafficking Why this is happening, and what the societal consequences are, is examined through ethnographic fieldwork The focus is on the shadow economies that govern existence and in which people, goods, weapons, money, bodies, etc constitute components of the global market

Organ economy: organ trafficking in Moldova and Israel.

There are 1.3 billion Muslims in the world. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions and now constitutes the second or third religion in the USA and many European countries. Islamic countries have differing economic status and per capita income and this has its impact on the renal replacement therapy provided (Table 1 w1x), as it is an expensive mode of treatment. The success of transplantation activities in Islamic countries is only partly related to the economic situation. Other factors involved include (a) religious fatwas, (b) public outlooks and views, (c) the medical expertise and motivation available, and (d) the existing systems and laws.

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The Iranian transplant programme: comment from an Islamic perspective

Tissue and organ transplantation is one of the most promising treatments for some incurable diseases. Nowadays, transplantation is the common therapy in many countries. Unfortunately, availability of donated tissues and organs is limited. There are several factors which may affect donation rate for instance; social factors, culture, religion, and family decision. Accordingly, religious beliefs have a crucial role in tissue and organ donation and transplantation. Islam as a code of life has a comprehensive road map to lead mankind. Spiritual view of human life is considered to be much more valuable in Islam. Therefore, saving a human life is one of the most important Islamic teachings. In Iran as a Muslim country, tissue and organ transplantation program was established based on religious scholars’ permission which has an essential role towards considerable development of the program in Iran.

Tissue and organ donation and transplantation in Iran

KEYWORDS Kidney transplantation, acute rejection; donor profile ABSTRACT A retrospective study was carried out at INHS Asvini to analyse certain aspects of kidney transplantation and compare the data generated with available data from developed countries in literature. The etiology of end stage renal disease, age and sex distribution of recipients, donor profile, HLA typing results, episodes of acute rejection, causes of post transplant morbidity and mortality were studied and compared with some of the other contemporary studies. Males outnumbered females, as recipients while the number of female donors was more. All 6 alleles were identified in only sixty- four samples by microlymphocytoxicity-based methods while by DNA based HLA typing all six alleles were identified in nearly 80% patients with class II in over 90 % cases. In this study perioperative causes and infections led to loss of graft in five patients each.

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A Rizvi

Papers

Current issues and future problems in transplantation in East Asia.