This critical review is concerned with the recent advances in graft polymerisation techniques involving cellulose and its derivatives. It summarises some of the features of cellulose structure and cellulose reactivity. Also described are the various techniques for grafting synthetic polymers from the cellulosic substrate. In addition to the traditional grafting techniques, we highlight the recent developments in polymer synthesis that allow increased control over the grafting process and permit the production of functional celluloses that possess improved physical properties and chemical properties (189 references).

Cellulose modification by polymer grafting: a review

A review on modification methods to cellulose-based adsorbents to improve adsorption capacity

Due to its abundance and a wide range of beneficial physical and chemical properties, cellulose has become very popular in order to produce materials for various applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of new cellulose materials and technologies using ionic liquids. Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids has been used to develop new processing technologies, cellulose functionalization methods and new cellulose materials including blends, composites, fibers and ion gels.

Ionic Liquids and Cellulose: Dissolution, Chemical Modification and Preparation of New Cellulosic Materials

Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to control the grafting of styrene from a cellulose substrate. The hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber were conver...

Graft Polymerization: Grafting Poly(styrene) from Cellulose via Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization

Self-curing membranes of chitosan/PAA IPNs obtained by radical polymerization: preparation, characterization and interpolymer complexation.

Repellency of controlled-release treated cotton fabrics based on cypermethrin and prallethrin

Cotton fabric was converted into an ion exchanger by grafting it with (1) glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), followed by aminization with ethylene diamine; (2) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), followed by quaternization; and (3) acrylic acid (AA). Grafting was carried out on a pilot scale using a thiocarbonate–H2O2 redox system. The so-obtained cotton graft copolymers were monitored for their ability to remove different dyes as well as heavy metals from aqueous solutions. It was found that the magnitude of dye exhaustion was as follows. For direct and reactive dyes the percentage of exhaustion follows the order of aminized GMA > quaternarized DMAEMA > DMAEMA, whereas for acid dye the percentage of exhaustion follows the order of quaternarized DMAEMA > DMAEMA > aminized GMA. On the other hand poly(AA)–cotton copolymer is very effective at removal of the basic dye. With respect to heavy metal ions removal, the copolymers show the following order: AA > aminized GMA > quaternarized DMAEMA > DMAEMA. While dichromate removal follows the order of quaternarized DMAEMA > DMAEMA > aminized GMA. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 2151–2157, 1998

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose ion exchanger. II. Pilot scale and utilization in dye-heavy metal removal

Polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) with cotton fabric using a cellulose thiocarbonate-hydrogen peroxide redox system as an initiator was investigated under different conditions. This includes the nature and concentration of the initiator and monomer, polymerization time and temperature, and liquor ratio. The percent of polymer add-on is generally favored by increasing monomer and H2O2 concentration, as well as duration and temperature of the polymerization, but with the certainty that the percent of polymer add-on follows the following order: GMA > DMAEMA > AA. On the other hand, the percent of polymer add-on increases by decreasing the liquor ratio. Incorporation of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ion in the polymerization system enhances the percent of polymer add-on significantly. Replacing the H2O2 by other oxidants such as Cr6+ or Mn4+ is made, and the capability of such cations to expedite polymerization of the said monomers with cotton cellulose is studied. Also studied is the synthesis of cation exchanger via reaction of poly(GMA)-cellulose copolymer with hexamethylene tetramine. Furthermore, the ion exchange characteristics of the cellulosic copolymers obtained with this as well as with other monomers are reported. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1029–1037, 1997

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose ion exchangers. I. Polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid with cotton cellulose using thiocarbonate‐H2O2 redox system

A. S. Aly

Papers

Repellency of controlled-release treated cotton fabrics based on cypermethrin and prallethrin

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose ion exchanger. II. Pilot scale and utilization in dye-heavy metal removal

Synthesis and characterization of cellulose ion exchangers. I. Polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid with cotton cellulose using thiocarbonate‐H2O2 redox system