A. T. M. Gosselink

TL;DR: Low-dose amiodarone is effective for maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with difficult to treat chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter and is associated with a low incidence of serious side effects.

TL;DR: Many patients with chronic atrial fibrillation failed to respond to the serial electrical cardioversion strategy, but in younger patients with a fair exercise tolerance and a duration of atrialfibrillation shorter than 36 months, this approach may be worthwhile.

TL;DR: Amiodarone loading is safe and is still able to convert refractory atrial fibrillation or flutter and is related to increased desethylamiodar one plasma levels and concomitant treatment with verapamil, which may enhance efficacy and obviate the need for electrical cardioversion.

TL;DR: In patients who were in sinus rhythm both those with and without underlying heart disease improved, and improvement was not related to functional capacity or left ventricular function before cardioversion, suggesting that cardioversion is the best method of improving functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation, whether or not they have underlyingheart disease and whatever their functional state.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of cardioversion on left and right atrial volume in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and to determine the influence of mitral valve disease on atrial size.