The quantitative analysis of the watershed is important for the quantification of the channel network and to understand its geo-hydrological behaviour. Assessment of drainage network and their relative parameters have been quantitatively carried out for the Chakrar watershed of Madhya Pradesh, India, to understand the prevailing geological variation, topographic information and structural setup of the watershed and their interrelationship. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used for the delineation and calculation of the morphometric parameters of the watershed. The Chakrar watershed is sprawled over an area of 415 km2 with dendritic, parallel and trellis drainage pattern. It is sub-divided into nine sub-watersheds. The study area is designated as sixth-order basin and lower and middle order streams mostly dominate the basin with the drainage density value of 2.46 km/km2 which exhibits gentle to steep slope terrain, medium dense vegetation, and less permeable with medium precipitation. The mean bifurcation value of the basin is 4.16 and value of nine sub-watersheds varies from 2.83 to 4.44 which reveals drainage networks formed on homogeneous rocks when the influences of geologic structures on the stream network is negligible. Form factor, circularity ratio and elongation ratio indicate an elongated basin shape having less prone to flood, lower erosion and sediment transport capacities. The results from the morphometric assessment of the watershed are important in water resources evaluation and its management and for the selection of recharge structure in the area for future water management.

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Assessment of morphometric characteristics of Chakrar watershed in Madhya Pradesh India using geospatial technique

Hydrological investigation and behavior of watershed depend upon geo-morphometric characteristics of catchment. Morphometric analysis is commonly used for development of regional hydrological model of ungauged watershed. A critical valuation and assessment of geo-morphometric constraints has been carried out. Prioritization of watersheds based on water plot capacity of Piperiya watershed has been evaluated by linear, aerial and relief aspects. Morphometric analysis has been attempted for prioritization for nine sub-watersheds of Piperiya watershed in Hasdeo river basin, which is a tributary of the Mahanadi. Sub-watersheds are delineated by ArcMap 9.3 software as per digital elevation model (DEM). Assessment of drainages and their relative parameters such as stream order, stream length, stream frequency, drainage density, texture ratio, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, bifurcation ratio and compactness ratio has been calculated separately for each sub-watershed using the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geospatial techniques. Finally, the prioritized score on the basis of morphometric behavior of each sub-watershed is assigned and thereafter consolidated scores have been estimated to identify the most sensitive parameters. The analysis reveals that stream order varies from 1 to 5; however, the first-order stream covers maximum area of about 87.7 %. Total number of stream segment of all order is 1,264 in the watershed. The study emphasizes the prioritization of the sub-watersheds on the basis of morphometric analysis. The final score of entire nine sub-watersheds is assigned as per erosion threat. The sub-watershed with the least compound parameter value was assigned as highest priority. However, the sub-watersheds has been categorized into three classes as high (4.1–4.7), medium (4.8–5.3) and low (>5.4) priority on the basis of their maximum (6.0) and minimum (4.1) prioritized score.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0248-9.pdf

Prioritization of sub-watersheds based on morphometric analysis using geospatial technique in Piperiya watershed, India

The Lesser Zab River, in the northeast of Iraq and northwest of Iran, is the largest tributary inside Iraq supplying water to the Tigris River. The majority of the basin lies inside Iraq. The important goals of this study are to estimate the erodibility and flash flood hazard of the Lesser Zab River Basin (LZRB). The present research highlights sub-basins that should be prioritized for conservation and flood risk schemes. The morphometric analysis reveals that the most important sub-basins are Sb1 and Sb2, in terms of water contribution to the main river. They are characterized by higher stream order, larger area, high elevation, low drainage density, low drainage texture, and low relative relief. Because of the relatively high relief in the upper part of the LZRB, the sub-basins are characterized by low drainage density, which indicates more surface runoff compared to the main basin in the lower part. The very fine drainage texture in the upper part of the LZRB reflects low infiltration and higher runoff relative to the lower part. The sub-basins in the upper part of the LZRB, which have a low bifurcation ratio, produce flood hydrographs with marked discharge peaks, while the sub-basins in the lower part, which have high ratios, produce low peaks over a long time period. Various morphometric parameters have been used for each sub-basin to calculate compound parameters for the final ranking of the sub-basins. Based on utilization of morphometric parameters for the erodibility hazard assessment, sub-basins were divided into seven prioritization classes: critical, very high to critical, high to very high, medium to high, low to medium, very low to low, and lowest. Furthermore, the resultant hazard map indicates that 18 sub-basins have moderate to low risk of flash flooding and 29 sub-basins have low possibility of flash flooding.

Drainage network extraction and morphometric analysis using remote sensing and GIS mapping techniques (Lesser Zab River Basin, Iraq and Iran)

Hydro-geomorphological characterization of Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia

Morphometric analysis using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), in the recent study, has become an efficient method in the assessment of groundwater potential of a river basin The present study focused on the morphometric analysis of Araniar river basin using RS and GIS techniques in the identification of groundwater potential zones for effective planning and management of groundwater resources of the basin The study area was divided into six subbasins for the purpose of micro-level morphometric analysis The main stream of the basin is of fifth order and drainage patterns of subbasins are mostly of dendritic and parallel type Based on the linear, areal and relief parameters of subbasins, the groundwater potential zones of the basin were identified and the results substantiated with geomorphology map derived from RS data The elongated shape, favourable drainage network, permeable geologic formation and low relief of the subbasins WS3, WS5 and WS6 make them the promising groundwater potential zones of Araniar river basin The statistical analysis and overlay analysis of the morphometric parameters also indicated the subbasins WS3, WS5 and WS6 as high groundwater potential zones The groundwater potential zone map when overlaid with groundwater fluctuation map indicated the suitable sites for artificial recharge structures

Morphometric analysis of Araniar river basin using remote sensing and geographical information system in the assessment of groundwater potential

Morphometric analysis is important in any hydrological investigation and it is inevitable in development and management of drainage basin. A critical evaluation and assessment of morphometric parameters and prioritization of micro-watersheds based on water holding capacity of Peruvanthanam sub-watershed have been achieved through measurement of linear, aerial and relief aspects of basins by using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and it necessitates preparation of a detailed drainage map. For prioritization, 9 micro-watersheds are delineated and parameters such as Rb, Dd, Fs,T, Lof and C are calculated separately and prioritization has been done by using the Raster calculator option of Spatial analyst. The analysis reveals that the stream order varies from 1 to 6 and the total number of stream segments of all orders counted as 347, out of which the maximum area (69.16%) is covered by 1 st order streams and the minimum (0.29%) by 6 th order. Lower values of Rb (linear parameters) in each order, higher values of Bh (0.90), Rh (0.07) and Rn (3.02) (relief parameters), high values of Dd (3.36), Fs (6.15), T (6.82), low values of Lof (0.14) and C (0.30) (aerial parameters) all together reveal that the sub-watershed has a complex structure, mountainous relief, high runoff and low infiltration. The maximum area is covered by high to medium prioritized zones (19.07km 2 ) followed by low to very low (17.75km 2 ) while a  very high to high zone is only 4.72km 2 .

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A. V. George

Papers

Morphometric Analysis and Micro-watershed Prioritization of Peruvanthanam Sub-watershed, the Manimala River Basin, Kerala, South India