Substitution potentials of recycled HDPE and wood particles from post-consumer packaging waste in Wood-Plastic Composites.

Utilizing Malaysian bamboo for use in thermoplastic composites

A functional silica/lignin hybrid filler was obtained using a process of mechanical grinding of precursors (Syloid®244 silica and kraft lignin). The product underwent comprehensive physicochemical and dispersive–morphological analysis. The silica/lignin hybrid has good homogeneity and a surface area of 164 m2/g. The effectiveness of combination was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The high electrokinetic stability (over almost the whole of the analyzed pH range) and above all the thermal stability of the resulting material (mass loss equal to 12%) indicate its potential use as a polypropylene (PP) filler. Experiments showed that the incorporation of a small amount of silica/lignin hybrid filler into PP may substantially influence its elongation at break and notched impact strength. Especially at low concentrations of silica/lignin filler (below 5 wt%) an exceptional set of mechanical properties was obtained. The addition of larger amounts of the filler was found not to bring any further improvement. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:913–922, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

A novel functional silica/lignin hybrid material as a potential bio‐based polypropylene filler

Wood–plastic composites as potential applications of recycled plastics of electronic waste and recycled particleboard

Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or fine grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the fine grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by fine grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood fine grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

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Fine grinding of wood – Overview from wood breakage to applications

Wood-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites were prepared using industrial wood particles used for manufacturing three-layer particleboards. The effect of particle size (0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, and 2–4 mm) on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The effect of cross-section size (4×10, 6×15 and 8×20 mm2) of composite pieces made by an injection moulding method was also studied. Both the particle size and specimen cross-section area significantly influenced these properties. The tensile and flexural properties as well as the impact strength in general increased with increasing particle size, and decreased with increasing cross-section size.

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Effect of industrial wood particle size on mechanical properties of wood-polyvinyl chloride composites

Summary — Industrial wood particles used for manufacturing three-layers particleboards were employed to prepare wood/PE-LD composites by an injection molding process. The effect of particle size (sieve analysis 0.25—0.5, 0.5—1, 1—2, and 2—4 mm) and of specimen cross-section size (40, 90 and 160 mm 2 ) on the mechanical properties was studied. Both these factors significantly influenced studied properties. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths properties in general increased with increasing particle size while with increasing of specimen cross-section the tensile and flexural moduli increased, and the tensile, flexural and impact strengths decreased.

Effect of wood particle size on mechanical properties of industrial wood particle-polyethylene composites

Particles derived from milling three-layer particleboards, with sizes from 0.5 to 3 mm, were used for making composites with polypropylene by an injection moulding method. Maleated polypropylene was used as a coupling agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of the composites made from particleboard and polypropylene with respect to the content of particles derived from particleboard and coupling agent addition. Properties of the composites did not differ significantly from those of composites with virgin industrial wood particles used for manufacturing particleboards. Moreover, these properties were comparable with the properties of typical wood–plastic composites with wood flour. Particles derived from milling particleboards have proved to be an effective alternative wood component of wood–plastic composites.

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Properties of wood–plastic composites made of milled particleboard and polypropylene

Industrial wood particles used for manufacturing three-layer particleboards were used to prepare wood-polypropylene composites by an injection molding process. The effect of particle size (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm) on mechanical properties of composites was investigated. Additionally, the effect of cross-section size of composite pieces (4 x 10, 6 x 15, and 8 x 20 mm 2 ) was studied. Both particle size and specimen cross-section area significantly influenced these properties. Tensile and mechanical properties as well as impact strength increased with increasing particle size from 0.25-2 mm and then slightly decreased. Flexural and impact strength decreased with increasing cross-section size, whereas variation of tensile modulus and strength and of flexural modulus with increasing cross-section size was different for composites with different particle sizes.

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Mechanical Properties of Wood-Polypropylene Composites with Industrial Wood Particles of Different Sizes

Abstract The modulus of elasticity in bending and the bending strength of the face and core layer of particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) were determined. Three directions of longitudinal axis of test specimens were considered: the direction of the mat forming, the direction perpendicular to it, and the direction perpendicular to the panel plane. The experiments were carried out on specimens that were prepared with strips of layers separated from the panels and glued into laminated assemblies. The bending properties of the core and face layer of the tested panels differed considerably. The core layer properties were on average more than 4 times smaller for particleboard and almost 3 times smaller for MDF. The relative differences between the bending properties were greater than the differences between the densities of the layers. The bending properties of the layers were almost isotropic in the planes of layers and very strongly anisotropic in the planes perpendicular to layers. The modulus of elasticity of the tested panels was calculated for the axis corresponding to the mat forming direction. The calculations were performed on the basis of the moduli of panel layers and based on the layered system theory. The results were compared with the modulus determined directly for entire panels. The relative difference between the compared moduli was found to be very small for both tested panels.

A. Wilczynski

Papers

Effect of industrial wood particle size on mechanical properties of wood-polyvinyl chloride composites

Effect of wood particle size on mechanical properties of industrial wood particle-polyethylene composites

Properties of wood–plastic composites made of milled particleboard and polypropylene

Mechanical Properties of Wood-Polypropylene Composites with Industrial Wood Particles of Different Sizes

Bending properties of particleboard and MDF layers