This book concerns the nature and extent of adult ill health in the world with special attention to the developing countries. It represents more than two years of collaborative effort among the Population, Health, and Nutrition Division of the World Bank, the World Health Organization, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Ga. The subject, the neglected health issues of adults and the things that kill them, is treated from an international perspective by a total of 14 contributors, representing Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, New Zealand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Aware of the vacuum of information and health policy surrounding the topic of adult health in the developing world, the authors seek to overcome this neglect by directing the attention of health policymakers and researchers to the major causes of adult ill health, namely, tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and injuries. At first

The Health of Adults in the Developing World

This paper aims to improve the response time of the emergency response department to be informed on vehicle accidents in Malaysia. The primary impact of this work was to reduce the waiting period for accident victims to receive medical assistance and be rescued from a catastrophic vehicle accident. The conceptual idea of achieving this was by accommodating sensors and a microcontroller in a vehicle to compute the displacement of the vehicle. The system was developed using a vibration sensor to determine the collision impact of an accident and a gyro sensor to determine the x-y displacement of the vehicle. When an accident occurs, the instantaneous coordinates of the vehicle will be captured using a GPS module and transmitted to the emergency response department via a GSM module. The coordinates are visualized on a registered mobile phone at the emergency response department and mirrored to a desktop's Pushbullet application. With that, necessary emergency response units can be deployed to the accident location. The outcome of this project utilizes a gyro sensor to monitor angles between 45° − 315° and a vibration sensor at collision impact frequency of more than or equal to 90 Hz. The prototype can be a viable system to be incorporated by vehicle manufacturers in Malaysia to improve the safety features of a vehicle and ensure a better reliability of vehicle accident detection and reporting system.

Vehicle Accident Detection System using Internet of Things (VADS -IoT)

The number of road accidents fatalities in Malaysia is increasing tremendously day by day. The development in motorization sector leads towards road accidents cases. The problems of road accidents are extremely in critical state even though various preventive measures have been taken to reduce the rate of road accidents. Thus, the actual factors and subfactors that contributed to the road accidents must be identified clearly in order to make sure the preventive measures operate successfully. The rank of factors and subfactors of road accidents also need to be determined based on the weight obtained.  Therefore, a method called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was implemented in discovering the triggers of road accidents in Malaysia. Questionnaires were given to three experts who have experience in dealing with road accidents. These experts are traffic police inspector, an officer from road transport department and fire brigade officer. The pair-wise comparisons were rated by the experts according to Saaty scale from one to nine. In order to obtain the result of each factor and sub-factor of the road accident, the averaged of comparison scales are determined before proceed to the other steps. Among the factors of road accidents, human behaviour is the most affecting factor towards road accidents cases, followed by environment and vehicle. For the subfactor of human behaviour, driving drunk or under the influence are the causes of road accident. Weather condition falls in the first rank of environment subfactor. Finally, brake failure represented under vehicle subfactor which was the most influencing factor for the road accident cases.

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Analysing road accident triggers in malaysia by using analytical hierarchy process

The Association Between Rear Impact Crash Characteristics and Risk of Injury

Road accidents have claimed many lives with approximately 1.35 million deaths worldwide and deemed as a critical issue in most countries. Understanding the common factors that contribute to road accidents is not enough, and it is essential to assess the risk involved to prepare for precautionary actions. In this study, we utilize the autoregressive model and value at risk approach in predicting Malaysian road accidents occurrences and assessing the respective risk. We construct a current risk analysis theoretical framework pertain to the vehicle’s condition, forecast and investigate the relationship between the involved variables, and obtain the value at risk for road accidents. From our findings, the road accidents will increase 1.12% higher than the year 2019, along with a 2.77% increase in the number of transportations in 2020. In addition, there is a 95% confidence that in year 2020, the number of road accidents will reduce not more than 3.81%. Coherent from the analysis, there is a potential to adopt these approaches more extensively for this issue as the quantitative analysis are feasible. In addition, a strong positive relationship is found between the likelihood of road accidents and the number of transportations. Thus, prediction of road accidents and identification of its value at risk on yearly basis are beneficial to project the best course of action to deal with road accidents occurrences in the country.

Predicting and Assessing Road Accidents Using Autoregressive Model and Value at Risk Approach

This paper includes review of the trends, selected underlying, determinants and status intervention. The 1.17 million of deaths occur each year worldwide due to road accidents 70 % of which occur in developing countries in the world. 65% of deaths involve pedestrian’s causes, 35 % of which are children. Estimates suggest that 23–34 million people are injured worldwide every year in road crashes. Fatal accidents are among the major factors of death in the world apart from chronic diseases such as stroke, lung infections, respiratory difficulties and heart disease. The rise in fatal accidents in Malaysia is 70%. This study was conducted to study the rate of fatal accidents on roads in the state of Selangor and Perlis based on fatal accident data for a period of five years from 2013 to 2017. The data were analyzed using quantitative methods which took into account the research conducted by researchers last. Based on analyzed data, the state of Selangor recorded the highest accident rate while Perlis state recorded the lowest accident rate. Among other things being studied are factors affecting the rate of road accidents in both states. In conclusion, the traffic, the physical structure of the road and the road users' focus is a factor of road accidents more concentrated in a particular area.  

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Abdul Salam Abdullah

Papers

Road Traffic Accident in Malaysia: Trends, Selected Underlying, Determinants and Status Intervention