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Likelihood Based Inference In Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models

This paper investigates the way in which job mobility contributes to the emergence of a gender wage gap in the Italian labour market. We show that men experience higher wage growth than women during the first 10 years of their career, and that this difference is particularly large when workers move across firms. This gender mobility penalty is robust to the inclusion of individual, job and firm characteristics, to different ways of accounting for individual unobserved heterogeneity, and is mainly found for voluntary job moves. Exploring the wage growth of job movers, we find that a significant gender wage penalty emerges when workers move to larger firms. This might be explained by the fact that bigger establishments offer jobs more highly valued by women than men or that the relationship between job satisfaction and firm size is less negative for women than men. Using data on job satisfaction, we find evidence for the latter hypothesis as well as some indication that wages and fringe benefits compensate for lower levels of job satisfaction in larger firms, but that this is so only for men.

Job Mobility and the Gender Wage Gap in Italy

In recent years, academic studies have been converging towards the view that foreign aid promotes aggregate economic growth. We employ a simulation approach to: (i) validate the coherence of empirical aid-growth studies published since 2008; and (ii) calculate plausible ranges for the rate of return to aid. Our results highlight the long run nature of aid-financed investments and the importance of channels other than accumulation of physical capital. We find the return to aid lies in ranges commonly accepted for public investments and there is little to justify the view that aid has had a significant pernicious effect on productivity.

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What Is the Aggregate Economic Rate of Return to Foreign Aid

We investigate the importance of employer preferences in explaining Sticky Floors, the pattern that women are, compared to men, less likely to start to climb the job ladder. To this end we perform a randomised field experiment in the Belgian labour market and test whether hiring discrimination based on gender is heterogeneous by the promotion characteristics of the selected jobs. We find that women get 33% less interview invitations when they apply for jobs implying a first promotion in functional level. On the other hand, their hiring chances are not significantly affected by the job authority level of the job.

Do Employer Preferences Contribute to Sticky Floors

There are substantial variations in labour market outcomes between neighbourhoods. One potential partial explanation is that residents of some neighbourhoods face discrimination from employers. Although studies of deprived areas have recorded resident perceptions of discrimination by employers and negative employer perceptions of certain areas, until now there has been no direct evidence on whether employers treat job applicants differently by area of residence. This paper reports a unique experiment to test for a neighbourhood reputation effect involving 2001 applications to 667 real jobs by fictional candidates nominally resident in neighbourhoods with poor and bland reputations. The experiment found no statistically significant difference in employer treatment of applicants from these areas, indicating that people living in neighbourhoods with poor reputations did not face ‘postcode discrimination’ in the labour market, at the initial selection stage.

Does poor neighbourhood reputation create a neighbourhood effect on employment? The results of a field experiment in the UK

The question of whether and how living in a deprived neighborhood affects the labormarket outcomes of its residents has been a subject of great interest for both policy makers andresearchers. Despi ...

/pdf/neighborhood-signaling-effects-commuting-time-and-employment-1i44nmz9fc.pdf

Neighborhood signaling effects, commuting time, and employment: Evidence from a field experiment

A recent study of 36 sub-Saharan African countries found a positive impact of aid in the majority of these countries. However, for Tanzania and Ghana, two major aid recipients, aid did not seem to ...

/pdf/the-real-exchange-rate-foreign-aid-and-macroeconomic-3uumih2g8k.pdf

The Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Aid and Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanisms in Tanzania and Ghana

During the first ten years in the labor market, male university graduates experience a faster wage growth than their female counterparts in the Swedish labor market. This paper investigates the rol ...

/pdf/the-gender-gap-in-early-career-wage-growth-the-role-of-4wyupoyz9x.pdf

The Gender Gap in Early Career Wage Growth: The Role of Children, Job Mobility, and Occupational Mobility

We investigate co-worker peer effects in the use of parental leave in Sweden. We use an instrumental variable approach called “peers of peers”, in which the parental leave taken by family peers (siblings and cousins) of co-workers is used as an instrument for co-workers’ use of parental leave. For fathers, we find that a 10-day increase in the average parental leave taken by co-workers increases their use of parental leave by approximately one and a half days, while, for mothers, the increase is approximately one day. The results are robust to alternative model specifications. We explore possible mechanisms and discuss policy implications. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/sjoe.12485

Coworker peer effects on parental leave take‐up

A recent study of 36 Sub Saharan African countries found a positive impact of aid in the absolute majority of these countries. However, for Tanzania and Ghana, two major aid recipients, aid did not seem to have been equally beneficial. This paper singles out these two countries for a more detailed empirical investigation. The focus is now on the effect of aid when allowing external and nominal factors to play a role in the macroeconomic transmission mechanism. We conclude that aid played a significantly positive -- but very different -- role in the two countries. Due in part to generous aid inflows Tanzania experienced positive investment and GDP growth from the late 1960s to 2007. But, until the mid-1980s, the impact of aid on growth was well below its potential as the large inflows of aid facilitated a serious over-appreciation of the real exchange rate. In Ghana, declining aid in the 1970s was associated with lacking growth while the reactivation of aid flows in the 1980s supported an economic rebound.When monetary and external factors are properly accounted for, we find that aid has been pivotal to growth in both real GDP and investment.

/pdf/the-real-exchange-rate-foreign-aid-and-macroeconomic-2nn4ffh1ef.pdf

Abdulaziz Abrar Reshid

Papers

Neighborhood signaling effects, commuting time, and employment: Evidence from a field experiment

The Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Aid and Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanisms in Tanzania and Ghana

The Gender Gap in Early Career Wage Growth: The Role of Children, Job Mobility, and Occupational Mobility

Coworker peer effects on parental leave take‐up

The Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Aid and Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanisms in Tanzania and Ghana