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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Hybrid PSO-GSA for energy efficient spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network

Summary
The design of monitoring systems for marine areas has increased in the last years One of the many advantages of wireless sensor networks is the quick process in data acquisition The information from sensors can be processed, stored, and transmitted using protocols efficiently designed to energy saving and establishing the fastest routes The processing and storing of data can be very useful for taking intelligent decisions for improving the water quality The monitoring of water exchange in aquaculture tanks is very important to monitor the fish welfare Thus, this paper presents the design, deployment, and test of a smart data gathering system for monitoring several parameters in aquaculture tanks using a wireless sensor network The system based on a server is able to request and collect data from several nodes and store them in a database This information can be postprocessed to take efficient decisions The paper also presents the design of a conductivity sensor and a level sensor These sensors are installed in several aquaculture tanks The system was implemented using Flyport modules Finally, the data gathering system was tested in terms of consumed bandwidth and the delay Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets delivering data from the sensors

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Design and deployment of a smart system for data gathering in aquaculture tanks using wireless sensor networks

A cooperative cognitive radio network (CRN) with improved energy detection-based spectrum sensing is analyzed in various fading scenarios. Generalized multipath (Nakagami- $m$ ) fading and enriched multipath (Nakagami- $q$ ) fading models are considered along with two other general fading distributions, i.e., $\kappa$ - $\mu$ and $\eta$ - $\mu$ distributions. For spectrum sensing, instead of conventional power 2-based detection method, the arbitrary power $p$ -based improved energy detector is used. The impact of the cognitive user mobility on the performance of the improved energy detector is investigated. Specifically, the statistics for the received signal are derived over various fading environments. The performance of the considered CRN system is evaluated in terms of probability of false alarm, probability of missed detection, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve is also obtained. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the theoretical results derived in this paper.

An Improved Energy Detector for Mobile Cognitive Users Over Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, a novel prediction based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme is investigated on the performance of an energy harvesting cognitive radio (CR) network. The spectrum sensing scheme is redesigned to protect the quality of service (QoS) of primary user (PU) and to improve the utilization of spectrum holes. The decision about the PU spectrum status and energy harvesting (RF and non-RF) of a CR node are based on prediction as well as sensing at individual CR level. We consider simultaneous spectrum sensing and energy harvesting scenario through the incorporation of an energy splitting device. A CR harvests from non-RF resources if both the decisions (decision of prediction and decision of spectrum sensing) do not match or if both the decisions match in favor of the absence of PU. On contrary, it harvests from RF resources while both the decisions match in favor of the presence of PU. A CR node transmits only if both decisions indicate the absence of PU. A CR user opportunistically uses the PU spectrum for its transmission purpose under a collision constraint. The collision constraint gives an extra protection to the QoS of PU on rearrival of PU. Novel analytical expressions for detection performance, harvested energy, and network throughput are developed. The impact of prediction and other network parameters such as number of detection frames, number of cooperative CR user, splitting parameter, collision probability on throughput performance is investigated. Improvement in spectrum reuse and energy penalty during harvesting is indicated. Impact of noise power estimation on the sensing performance is also studied.

Throughput of an Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Network Based on Prediction of Primary User

In this paper, the impact of a multi slot based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) on the performance of a cognitive radio (CR) network has been investigated. Each CR user, equipped with an improved energy detector (IED), uses a number of mini slots of the sensing time to perform the spectrum sensing. Each CR uses OR logic to combine the sub local decisions generated in each mini slot to obtain a local decision at CR level. Local decisions are sent to fusion centre (FC) over reporting channel. The FC obtains a final decision about the presence of primary user (PU) by combining the local decisions using a fusion rule: Majority or Maximal Ratio Combining. The performance of the CSS is assessed in terms of detection probability and false alarm probability considering both the sensing and reporting channels are Rayleigh faded. Furthermore, the impact of a number of sensing slots and IED parameter on throughput of CR network is also evaluated under the proposed spectrum sensing scenario. Impacts of several sensing parameters such as sensing channel SNR and reporting channel SNR on the performance of CR network are also evaluated. Performances of two fusion rules under study are compared. Effect of sensing error and synchronisation error is indicated. Further the study is extended for independent but non identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Rayleigh faded channels as well as for a multiple PU scenario also.

Multi slot-throughput tradeoff in an improved energy detector based faded cognitive radio network

Summary

In this paper, the performance of a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated under continuous energy harvesting scenario. A CR node harvests energy from both the sources: non-radio frequency (RF) signal (ambient sources) or from RF signal (primary user signal). It harvests from non-RF signal during sensing time of its detection cycle, and from both the sources, RF signal and non-RF signal, during transmission time as per sensing decision. Several novel analytical expressions are developed to indicate the harvested energy, energy reward, energy cost in a detection frame, and throughput. The performance of the CR network is investigated to maximize the throughput considering energy causality constraints and collision constraints. Analytical results are validated through extensive simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cognitive radio network with continuous energy‐harvesting

A novel dynamic clustering based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme with improved energy detectors (IEDs) has been studied for a cognitive radio (CR) network. A novel expression for dynamic clustering is developed considering Rayleigh faded sensing (S) and reporting (R) channels. The missed detection probability, total error probability are considered as performance metrics and studied with respect to several sensing parameters, such as signal power raise factor (SPRF), sensing channel SNR and number of access points (APs). Furthermore, the performance of clustered network is also compared with the non-clustered network.

Cooperative spectrum sensing based on dynamic clustering with improved energy detector

On Selection of Parameters for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Schemes over κ–μ Fading Channels

In this paper, energy harvesting cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is studied under a collision constraint of PU. Optimal numbers of CRs cooperate in transmission of primary user (PU), if it remains present in the given channel; otherwise all the CRs transmit their own data in time division scheme. The harvested energy at CR is divided into two parts, one part is allocated for cooperation in PU transmission and the other part is used for its own transmission. The allocation of energy is based on the targeted CR throughput. Influence of an energy allocation parameter and sensing time on throughput performance is studied under the random behaviour of PU.

Abhijit Bhowmick

Papers

Multi slot-throughput tradeoff in an improved energy detector based faded cognitive radio network

Cognitive radio network with continuous energy‐harvesting

Cooperative spectrum sensing based on dynamic clustering with improved energy detector

On Selection of Parameters for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Schemes over κ–μ Fading Channels

Throughput Analysis of a Energy Harvesting Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network