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Hybrid PSO-GSA for energy efficient spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network

Summary
The design of monitoring systems for marine areas has increased in the last years One of the many advantages of wireless sensor networks is the quick process in data acquisition The information from sensors can be processed, stored, and transmitted using protocols efficiently designed to energy saving and establishing the fastest routes The processing and storing of data can be very useful for taking intelligent decisions for improving the water quality The monitoring of water exchange in aquaculture tanks is very important to monitor the fish welfare Thus, this paper presents the design, deployment, and test of a smart data gathering system for monitoring several parameters in aquaculture tanks using a wireless sensor network The system based on a server is able to request and collect data from several nodes and store them in a database This information can be postprocessed to take efficient decisions The paper also presents the design of a conductivity sensor and a level sensor These sensors are installed in several aquaculture tanks The system was implemented using Flyport modules Finally, the data gathering system was tested in terms of consumed bandwidth and the delay Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets delivering data from the sensors

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Design and deployment of a smart system for data gathering in aquaculture tanks using wireless sensor networks

A cooperative cognitive radio network (CRN) with improved energy detection-based spectrum sensing is analyzed in various fading scenarios. Generalized multipath (Nakagami- $m$ ) fading and enriched multipath (Nakagami- $q$ ) fading models are considered along with two other general fading distributions, i.e., $\kappa$ - $\mu$ and $\eta$ - $\mu$ distributions. For spectrum sensing, instead of conventional power 2-based detection method, the arbitrary power $p$ -based improved energy detector is used. The impact of the cognitive user mobility on the performance of the improved energy detector is investigated. Specifically, the statistics for the received signal are derived over various fading environments. The performance of the considered CRN system is evaluated in terms of probability of false alarm, probability of missed detection, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve is also obtained. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the theoretical results derived in this paper.

An Improved Energy Detector for Mobile Cognitive Users Over Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, a novel prediction based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme is investigated on the performance of an energy harvesting cognitive radio (CR) network. The spectrum sensing scheme is redesigned to protect the quality of service (QoS) of primary user (PU) and to improve the utilization of spectrum holes. The decision about the PU spectrum status and energy harvesting (RF and non-RF) of a CR node are based on prediction as well as sensing at individual CR level. We consider simultaneous spectrum sensing and energy harvesting scenario through the incorporation of an energy splitting device. A CR harvests from non-RF resources if both the decisions (decision of prediction and decision of spectrum sensing) do not match or if both the decisions match in favor of the absence of PU. On contrary, it harvests from RF resources while both the decisions match in favor of the presence of PU. A CR node transmits only if both decisions indicate the absence of PU. A CR user opportunistically uses the PU spectrum for its transmission purpose under a collision constraint. The collision constraint gives an extra protection to the QoS of PU on rearrival of PU. Novel analytical expressions for detection performance, harvested energy, and network throughput are developed. The impact of prediction and other network parameters such as number of detection frames, number of cooperative CR user, splitting parameter, collision probability on throughput performance is investigated. Improvement in spectrum reuse and energy penalty during harvesting is indicated. Impact of noise power estimation on the sensing performance is also studied.

Throughput of an Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Network Based on Prediction of Primary User

Joint impact of sensing time and improved energy detector (IED) parameter is evaluated for an energy efficient cooperative cognitive radio (CR) system where the CR users use IED. The aim of this work is to design the CR system in such a way that it can achieve two objectives for a given level of protection on primary user: (i) optimization of sensing time to make balance between detection performance and throughput and (ii) appropriate allocation of energy between sensing time and transmission time so as to enhance the energy efficiency of the CR system. The key parameters such as sensing time and IED parameter are set appropriately to meet the objectives. The performance is assessed in terms of throughput and energy efficiency of the system. The effect of the sensing time and the IED parameter on the performance is evaluated under a collision constraint. Furthermore, the optimal sensing time and IED parameter are investigated jointly for which the higher throughput as well as maximum energy efficiency can be obtained, and at the same time, a desired detection probability can also be maintained by the CR system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Joint impact of sensing time and IED parameter on the performance of an energy efficient cognitive radio system

Full duplex (FD) cognitive radio network, implementing the technique of energy harvesting (EH) is researched in this paper. The relay uses DF relaying technique to forward information from a cognitive radio (CR) enabled node of origin (source) to node of completion(destination) through an unused primary user (PU) channel. In addition to the energy harvesting from RF signal, the relay harvests additional energy from the loopback interference. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique has been put into work for the purpose of combination of the received signals. The outcome has been researched with respect to throughput for certain parameters such as energy conversion parameter, energy feeding time parameter, and sensing time etc.

Performance of DF Relaying in an Energy Harvesting Full Duplex Cognitive Radio Network

Efficient control of transmission power of secondary users (SUs) in an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) is needed to limit interference on primary users (PUs). Decision regarding the presence of primary user (PU) helps in controlling transmission power of secondary user (SU). In this paper a scheme on joint power control of SUs is investigated. Power control of SUs to minimize interference on PUs in co-existing network is achieved more efficiently with the improved spectrum sensing decision as obtained through co-operation among a number of cognitive radios (CRs). The maximum allowable transmission powers of secondary users have also been estimated in terms of distance between PU receiver and SUs in a cooperative spectrum sensing framework.

Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network with power control

In this paper, we present performance analysis of spectrum sensing with an improved energy detector under path loss condition. The path loss factor is normally avoided in connection with spectrum sensing. Performance analysis has been carried out in a multiple antenna based cognitive radio (CR) network. The CR with improved energy detector uses selection combining for efficient sensing of spectrum.

Improved energy detector with selection combining in cognitive radio network

In this paper, a hybrid spectrum access scheme is investigated for a relay based energy harvesting cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network In the considered network model, a relay harvests energy from RF signal of primary user (PU) as well as from RF signal of CR also The relay node forwards the CR data to the respective destination and also cooperates in PU transmission as well The CR follows a hybrid spectrum access scheme, ie, it employs an underlay scheme of co-existence if PU is found to be present in the given channel else it switches to the overlay scheme of transmission In overlay scheme, a CR transmits with maximum transmission power while in underlay scheme, it controls its transmission power based on the knowledge of channel state information of the link between CR and PU receiver, to limit the interference at PU receiver Three new ratio parameters namely, PU–CR time allocation parameter, PU two hop transmission parameter and CR two hop transmission parameter are considered to model the cooperative transmission of PU and CR network where the parameter β takes care of the allocated time for PU and CR transmission and the other two parameters θ and ϕ take care of two hop transmission for PU and CR respectively Analytical expressions of combined throughput of a CR and PU are developed under the considered network scenario The performance is investigated in terms of combined throughput of CR, combined throughput of PU, and the overall network throughput for several sensing parameter and new ratio parameters

Abhijit Bhowmick

Papers

Joint impact of sensing time and IED parameter on the performance of an energy efficient cognitive radio system

Performance of DF Relaying in an Energy Harvesting Full Duplex Cognitive Radio Network

Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network with power control

Improved energy detector with selection combining in cognitive radio network

Performance of an Energy harvesting Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network with Hybrid Spectrum Access Scheme