Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application.

Thank you very much for reading the botany of mangroves. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this the botany of mangroves, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer. the botany of mangroves is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the botany of mangroves is universally compatible with any devices to read.

The Botany Of Mangroves

Covering approximately 10,000 km2 the Sundarbans in the Northern Bay of Bengal is the largest contiguous mangrove forest on earth. Mangroves forests are highly productive and diverse ecosystems, providing a wide range of direct ecosystem services for resident populations. In addition, mangroves function as a buffer against frequently occurring cyclones; helping to protect local settlements including the two most populous cities of the world, Kolkata and Dhaka, against their worst effects. While large tracts of the Indian Sundarbans were cleared, drained and reclaimed for cultivation during the British colonial era, the remaining parts have been under various protection regimes since the 1970s, primarily to protect the remaining population of Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris ssp. tigris). In view of the importance of such forests, now severely threatened worldwide, we trace the areal change that the Indian Sundarbans have undergone over the last two-and-a-half centuries. We apply a multi-temporal and multi-scale approach based on historical maps and remote sensing data to detect changes in mangrove cover. While the mangroves’ areal extent has not changed much in the recent past, forest health and structure have. These changes result from direct human interference, upstream development, extreme weather events and the slow onset of climate change effects. Moreover, we consider the role of different management strategies affecting mangrove conservation and their intersection with local livelihoods.

The Indian Sundarban Mangrove Forests: History, Utilization, Conservation Strategies and Local Perception

With parks and protected areas insufficient to sustain global biodiversity, the role of private land in biodiversity conservation is becoming increasingly significant. This paper reviews global voluntary and involuntary strategies for private land conservation. Involuntary strategies can achieve effective conservation outcomes, but often lack social acceptability. In contrast, voluntary strategies enjoy greater social acceptance but may not achieve sufficient uptake to have meaningful conservation objectives. Based on the review, we propose a classification system for private land conservation as a complement to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN's) classification of global protected areas. The classification system provides a framework for identifying and describing conservation strategies on private land on the dimension of tenure and security. It also identifies opportunities and vulnerabilities in achieving conservation on private land while emphasising the need for systematic ...

/pdf/conservation-on-private-land-a-review-of-global-strategies-3nz5bkre71.pdf

Conservation on private land: a review of global strategies with a proposed classification system

Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas?

Climate change is being experienced intensely in the mangrove dominated deltaic complex of Indian Sundarbans. Deglaciation of Gangotri glacier in the Himalayan range and several anthropogenic influences has accelerated the phenomenon since last two decades. Four indicators (surface water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency) considered in the present study exhibited significant correlations with global warming and caused considerable alteration of hydrological parameters over a period of 27 years. Owing to varied geographical features in the western and eastern sectors of the deltaic complex, the foot prints of climate change were perceived in different pattern and scale. The surface water temperature showed increasing trend in both sectors (6.14% and 6.12% rise in western and eastern sectors respectively). The transparency reduced by 25% in both western and eastern sectors. This may be the effect of increased erosion, anthropogenic activities and silt contribution by the River Ganges. The salinity and dissolved oxygen exhibited contradictory trends in the western and eastern sectors, which may be attributed to deglaciation process in the Himalayan range. The blockage of the major rivers in the eastern Indian Sundarbans by heavy silt and solid wastes from the adjacent city of Kolkata posed serious problems to the island dwellers by way of increasing salinity and decreased dissolved oxygen. Documentation of stenohaline phytoplankton species in upstream regions of eastern Indian Sundarbans (secondary source) confirmed the intrusion of sea water from Bay of Bengal. Such intrusion has serious adverse effect on the livelihood of the local people.

Pulse of climate change in Indian Sundarbans: a myth or reality?

The biochemical composition of red seaweeds, Catenella repens was investigated in this present study along with subsequent analysis of relevant physico-chemical variables. In this study, the relationship between the nutritive components of this species and the ambient environmental parameters was established. Protein content varied from 2.78 ± 0.30% of dry weight (stn.3) to 16.03 ± 0.96% of dry weight (stn.1) with highest values during monsoon. The protein levels were positively correlated with dissolved nitrate content and negatively correlated with water temperature (except stn.3) and salinity. Carbohydrate content of this species varied significantly ( p< 0.05) during pre-monsoon between stations and the values showed positive relationship with salinity and surface water temperature. In contrast to carbohydrate, lipid concentration was lowest in values and varied very slightly between seasons and stations. Astaxanthin content of the seaweed species was greater in pre-monsoon than monsoon and post-monsoon in all the selected stations. Compared with the three seasons, samples of red seaweed collected in pre-monsoon has high carbohydrate–astaxanthin in contrast to protein–lipid which showed high values during monsoon. Statistical analysis computed among the environmental and biochemical parameters suggests the potential role played by the abiotic parameters on biosynthetic pathways of seaweed. This paper also highlights the influence of the nutritional quality of water that can be used for mass cultivation of Catenella repens.

Catenella repens) from Gangetic delta, northeast coast of India

Forest conservation Act

The impact of global warming, through the predicted sea level rise, on Sundarbans estuary, in the Bay of Bengal is an inevitable phenomenon. While the mitigation measures have to be primarily at the global level as well as at local level, the adaptation strategy will also involve participation of global and local communities. This study has clearly shown that the people living around the mangrove forests have to be provided with a sustainable alternate livelihood to cope with the increasing salinity in the region. As regards the destructive livelihood activities practiced by the villagers of Sundarbans, generating employment through other livelihood options and training in skill development have to be resorted to. However, all these socio-economic activities need huge amount of fund support at the beginning. Since Sundarbans mangrove, if properly conserved, can store billions of tonnes of carbon thus mitigating the effect of global warming, the people of the region also need to be duly compensated under REDD+ projects. The study has shown the prospect of conservation of Sundarbans mangrove flora and fauna through active participation of local people. The global community cannot avoid their commitment for conserving one of the largest sink for atmospheric carbon.

Climate Change and Sustainable Livelihood Programmes: A case study from the Indian Sundarbans

A general overview of environment along with its components and resources are highlighted in this chapter. The methods to conserve resources of the planet Earth is an important section of this chapter, where in situ and ex situ conservation strategies have been explained clearly with examples. The annexure at the end of the chapter focuses on innovative alternative livelihood through which overexploitation can be avoided and employment can be generated.

Abhijit Mitra

Papers

Pulse of climate change in Indian Sundarbans: a myth or reality?

Catenella repens) from Gangetic delta, northeast coast of India

Forest conservation Act

Climate Change and Sustainable Livelihood Programmes: A case study from the Indian Sundarbans

Environmental Science - A Ground Zero Observation on the Indian Subcontinent