Recent research has explored the possibility of extracting ancillary information from primary biometric traits viz., face, fingerprints, hand geometry, and iris. This ancillary information includes personal attributes, such as gender, age, ethnicity, hair color, height, weight, and so on. Such attributes are known as soft biometrics and have applications in surveillance and indexing biometric databases. These attributes can be used in a fusion framework to improve the matching accuracy of a primary biometric system (e.g., fusing face with gender information), or can be used to generate qualitative descriptions of an individual (e.g., young Asian female with dark eyes and brown hair). The latter is particularly useful in bridging the semantic gap between human and machine descriptions of the biometric data. In this paper, we provide an overview of soft biometrics and discuss some of the techniques that have been proposed to extract them from the image and the video data. We also introduce a taxonomy for organizing and classifying soft biometric attributes, and enumerate the strengths and limitations of these attributes in the context of an operational biometric system. Finally, we discuss open research problems in this field. This survey is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of biometrics.

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What Else Does Your Biometric Data Reveal? A Survey on Soft Biometrics

http://forensic.sc.su.ac.th/seminar/seminari53/ref/52312332.pdf

Estimation of stature from footprint and foot outline dimensions in Gujjars of North India

Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements.

Stature estimation from foot dimensions

http://forensic.sc.su.ac.th/seminar/seminari52/51312316.pdf

Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial anthropometry in north Indian population.

Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population

Multiplication factor versus regression analysis in stature estimation from hand and foot dimensions.

A study of correlation of hand and foot dimensions for personal identification in mass disasters

Hands and feet are often recovered from the site of natural as well as man-made disasters because of bomb blasts, train accidents, plane crashes, or mass homicides. This study is intended to establish standards for determination of sex from the dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. The data for this study comprise 123 men and 123 women aged between 17 and 20 years from the "Rajput" population of Himachal Pradesh in North India. Four anthropometric measurements viz. hand length, hand breadth, foot length, and foot breadth have been taken on both sides of each subject following international anthropometric standards. The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the foot index (foot breadth/foot length × 100) were calculated. Sectioning points and regression models are derived for the hand and foot dimensions and the derived indices. The hand and foot dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination by sectioning point analysis when compared to hand and foot index. Of the hand and the foot dimensions, hand breadth and foot breadth showed better accuracy in sex determination. Hand index and foot index remain poor sex discriminators in the study.

Abhilasha Sharma

Papers

Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population

Multiplication factor versus regression analysis in stature estimation from hand and foot dimensions.

A study of correlation of hand and foot dimensions for personal identification in mass disasters

Sex Determination from Hand and Foot Dimensions in a North Indian Population