https://www.omicsonline.org/1948-5956/1948-5956-S1.028-044.pdf

Mexican medicinal plants used for cancer treatment: pharmacological, phytochemical and ethnobotanical studies.

The Acanthaceae family is an important source of therapeutic drugs, and the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this family requires urgent documentation as several of its species are near extinction. Justicia is the largest genus of Acanthaceae, with approximately 600 species. The present work provides a review addressing the chemistry and pharmacology of the genus Justicia. In addition, the biological activities of compounds isolated from the genus are also covered. The chemical and pharmacological information in the present work may inspire new biomedical applications for the species of Justicia, considering atom economy, the synthesis of environmentally benign products without producing toxic by-products, the use of renewable sources of raw materials, and the search for processes with maximal efficiency of energy.

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Chemical constituents and biological activities of species of Justicia: a review

Local illegal trade reveals unknown diversity and involves a high species richness of wild vascular epiphytes

A taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is presented based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny (viz., plastid DNA loci rpoB - trnC - petN , trnK - matK - trnK , and ycf1 , and the nuclear DNA gene PHYC ) and new or re-evaluated morphology (e.g., leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal, ovary, stigma, stamen, pollen, ovule, and seed morphology). This enables the circumscription of monophyletic units using synapomorphic combinations of diagnostic morphological characters. Stigma morphology has proven to be indicative for super-specific taxa in Tillandsioideae. One new stigma type and several subtypes of previously described stigmas were found. The four tribes proposed earlier are mostly confirmed, but Catopsideae replaces the formerly used name Pogospermeae for the monotypic tribe of Catopsis . In addition, the two new subtribes Cipuropsidinae and Vrieseinae are proposed within tribe Vrieseeae. Several new genera are established to render taxonomic units monophyletic and morphologically well circumscribed. They represent segregates of either Mezobromelia ( Gregbrownia : 4 spp.), Tillandsia (viz., Barfussia : 3 spp., Josemania : 5 spp., Lemeltonia : 7 spp., Pseudalcantarea : 3 spp., and Wallisia : 4 spp. and 1 hybrid), or Vriesea (viz., Goudaea : 2 spp., Jagrantia : 1 sp., Lutheria : 4 spp., Stigmatodon : 18 spp., and Zizkaea : 1 spp.). The new subgenera Tillandsia subg. Pseudovriesea and T. subg. Viridantha are established, and T . subg. Aerobia is resurrected. An identification key to all accepted genera of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is provided. Furthermore, to clarify nomenclatural uncertainties, typifications are proposed for Catopsis subg. Tridynandra , Thecophyllum [unranked] Biflorae , Tillandsia subg. Aerobia , T. sect. Caricifoliae , T. sect. Conostachys , T. sect. Cyathophora , T. sect. Eriophyllum , T. sect. Macrocyathus , T. sect. Platystachys Baker auct. non al. , Tillandsia sect. Strepsia, Vriesea subg . Conostachys Mez auct. non al., T. lindenii K. Koch auct. non al. , and T. macropetala .

Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology

Mexico es un pais con una alta riqueza de especies de Magnoliophyta, quiza solo despues de Brasil y Colombia. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar cifras reajustadas sobre el numero de ordenes, familias, generos y especies de las Magnoliophyta de Mexico, especialmente a la luz de los nuevos enfoques de clasificacion (APG III, 2009). Un recuento actualizado de las plantas con flores en Mexico revela la existencia de 53 ordenes, 247 familias, 2 685 generos y 21 841 especies; 11 001 de ellas endemicas. La forma de crecimiento mas frecuente es la herbacea, seguida por la arbustiva y la arborea; en tanto que las epifitas, las trepadoras y las parasitas son las menos frecuentes. La mayor diversidad se encuentra en los bosques templados, seguida por la de matorral xerofilo, bosque humedo de montana, bosque tropical estacionalmente seco y bosque tropical humedo. Los 5 estados con mayor riqueza de especies son Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Jalisco y Guerrero.

http://www.revista.ib.unam.mx/index.php/bio/article/download/1065/963

Biodiversidad de las plantas con flores (División Magnoliophyta) en México

Ibervillea sonorae Greene, Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche, Tagetes lucida Cav and Justicia spicigera Scheltdd are Mexican native plants used in the treatment of different illnesses. The ethanolic extract of J. spicigera and T. lucida as well as aqueous extracts from I. sonorae, C. ficifolia, T. lucida and J. spicigera were investigated using sulforhodamine B assay. These extracts were assessed using two cell line: T47D (Human Breast cancer) and HeLa (Human cervix cancer). Colchicine was used as the positive control. Data are presented as the dose that inhibited 50% control growth (ED50). All of the assessed extracts were cytotoxic (ED50 < 20 microg/ml) against T47D cell line, meanwhile only the aqueous extract from T. lucida and the ethanolic extract from J. spicigera were cytotoxic to HeLa cell line. Ethanolic extract from J. spicigera presented the best cytotoxic effect. The cytotoxic activity of J. spicigera correlated with one of the popular uses, the treatment of cancer.

Cytotoxic activity of four Mexican medicinal plants.

Background : Bromeliaceae family in Mexico has been the object of interest by botanists since 1789; their systematic study was approached from the 1970s onwards, and now there are significant advances in its taxonomic-floristic knowledge Question: How many and which species of Bromeliaceae occur in Mexico? How they are distributed, and how many are endemic? Study site : Mexico, 1887-2017 Methods : Based on the study of the Mexican Bromeliaceae, including botanical collection, literature review, and revision, analysis and determination of specimens in 50 herbaria, data about species richness, Mexican endemics, and distribution of their taxa in the country, were obtained Results : In Mexico are represented four of the eight subfamilies of Bromeliaceae, 19 genera, 422 species, and 8 infraespecific taxa The genera with the highest number of species in the country are Tillandsia (230/545 %), Hechtia (71/168 %) and Pitcairnia (50/118 %) 318 of the Bromeliaceae species are endemics to Mexico, as well as Ursulaea and Viridantha genera ; 172 species are microendemic The entity with the highest number of taxa is Oaxaca, followed by Chiapas, Veracruz and Guerrero Tlaxcala and Baja California Sur have the lowest species number Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Ciudad de Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco y Tlaxcala have not strict endemic taxa Conclusion : Although progress in the knowledge of Mexican Bromeliaceae has been constant, exploration and recollection work is still required before concluding the Mexican bromeliad flora It is also necessary to promote studies considering aspects of conservation and sustainable use

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La familia Bromeliaceae en México

The current knowledge of the bromeliad flora of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico is presented. Oaxaca is the Mexican state with the largest number of bromeliad species. Based on the study of 2,624 herbarium specimens corresponding to 1,643 collections, and a detailed bibliographic revision, we conclude that the currently known bromeliad flora for Oaxaca comprises 172 species and 15 genera. All Mexican species of the genera Bromelia , Fosterella, Greigia, Hohenbergiopsis, Racinaea , and Vriesea are represented in the state. Aechmea nudicaulis , Bromelia hemisphaerica , Catopsis nitida , C. oerstediana, C. wawranea , Pitcairnia schiedeana , P. tuerckheimii , Racinaea adscendens , Tillandsia balbisiana , T. belloensis , T. brachycaulos , T. compressa , T. dugesii , T. foliosa , T. flavobracteata , T. limbata , T. maritima , T. ortgiesiana , T. paucifolia , T. pseudobaileyi , T. rettigiana , T. utriculata , T. x marceloi , Werauhia pycnantha , and W. nutans are recorded for the first time from Oaxaca. Collections from 226 (of 570) municipalities and all 30 districts of the state were studied. Among the vegetation types occurring in Oaxaca, oak forest is the richest with 83 taxa, followed by tropical deciduous forest with 74, and cloud forest with 73 species. Species representation and distribution in Oaxaca are analyzed in detail. We also provide a comparison with bromeliad floras of the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Puebla and Veracruz. The analysis of the species and collections by altitudinal intervals shows that the highest numbers of both ocurre between 1,500 and 2,000 m, with the number of species markedly decreasing above 2,500 m.

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Bromeliad flora of Oaxaca, Mexico: richness and distribution

Based on the recollection of botanical specimens in different regions of the state of Hidalgo and the study of herbarium material deposited in several institutional collections, supplemented by a literature review, we obtained records of 17 families (nine of them belonging to Pteridophytes and the rest to Angiosperms), 64 genera and 163 species. We also provide data about the municipal distribution of taxa and an analysis of their representation by vegetation type and altitudinal range. We report from Hidalgo, for the first time the following taxa: Tillandsia filifolia Schltdl. & Cham., T. heterophylla E. Morren, Pleurothallis sp.1 and Pleurothallis sp. 2. Only Laelia gouldiana Rchb. f., Dignathe pygmaeum Lindl., and one undescribed species of the genus Goodyera , are endemic to the state.

/pdf/las-epifitas-vasculares-del-estado-de-hidalgo-mexico-9dkfxyc2qn.pdf

Las epífitas vasculares del estado de Hidalgo, México: diversidad y distribución

The importance of documenting the plants of Mexico is undeniable considering its status as a country with biological megadiversity on one hand and the accelerated destruction of its ecosystems on the other. Ten years ago we started to compile species lists and literature for the monocotyledons that grow in Mexico, in an attempt to at least partially remedy the current lack of botanical knowledge that exists in the country. Individual electronic databases of nomenclature, bibliography, and herbarium specimens were developed. Currently these databases contain 15,560, 6,700, and 42,000 records, respectively. To date we have registered for the country 4,529 species (or 4,797 taxa including subspecies and varieties) distributed in 619 genera and 60 families (sensu Dahlgren & al., 1985). Of the total number of families, seven include only introduced representatives, whereas the other 53 possess at least some native species. The number of native species is 4,424 (4,693 taxa including subspecies and varieties). A comparison of the data obtained by us together with data reported in various floristic lists of Mexican states, as well as that from some completed regional floras, allows us to obtain statistical estimates that indicate Mexico should possess between 21,300 and 24,601 species of angiosperms. As a final perspective on the importance of the Mexican flora, if the estimate of number of seed plant species in the world is really 223,300 (Scotland & Wortley, 2003), and if we accept the estimate of number of species for Mexico as 24,601, then Mexico would have 11.01 % of the total seed plant species diversity of the entire planet.

Adolfo Espejo-Serna

Papers

Cytotoxic activity of four Mexican medicinal plants.

La familia Bromeliaceae en México

Bromeliad flora of Oaxaca, Mexico: richness and distribution

Las epífitas vasculares del estado de Hidalgo, México: diversidad y distribución

A current estimate of angiosperm diversity in Mexico