Annual Energy Outlook 2008 With Projections to 2030

CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases leading to severe environmental issues. The increase of CO2 emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels has received much research attention. One promising solution to reduce the impact of CO2 is to integrate CO2 capture and utilization (ICCU), which shows many advantages compared to traditional separate CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) processes. The ICCU process shortens the path of CO2 utilization such as CO2 transportation and storage, and further negates the need for purification of products owing to the high conversion of CO2. As an emerging integrated process, the improvement of ICCU performance is crucial for future applications. This review analyses and discusses the influence of the key process parameters of ICCU such as temperature, the presence of O2 or H2O in CO2, GHSV etc., to provide guidance for future investigation. The development and application of dual functional materials (DFMs) in ICCU are investigated and the roles and influence of interaction between adsorbents and catalysts are discussed. CaO showed superiority as an adsorbent to combine with CO2 utilization catalysts owing to its low cost and high CO2 capture capacity. The DFM system has opportunities to retard the deactivation of CaO owing to the presence of catalysts and the formed interaction. Nevertheless, there are several considerations from the industrial application perspective such as the reduction of overall cost and the possible post-processing requirements.

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Recent advances in integrated CO2 capture and utilization: a review

Greenhouse gases utilization: A review

More than 27 million tonnes of waste plastics are generated in Europe each year representing a considerable potential resource. There has been extensive research into the production of liquid fuels and aromatic chemicals from pyrolysis-catalysis of waste plastics. However, there is less work on the production of hydrogen from waste plastics via pyrolysis coupled with catalytic steam reforming. In this paper, the different reactor designs used for hydrogen production from waste plastics are considered and the influence of different catalysts and process parameters on the yield of hydrogen from different types of waste plastics are reviewed. Waste plastics have also been investigated as a source of hydrocarbons for the generation of carbon nanotubes via the chemical vapour deposition route. The influences on the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes derived from waste plastics are reviewed in relation to the reactor designs used for production, catalyst type used for carbon nanotube growth and the influence of operational parameters.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12649-020-01054-w.pdf

Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes from Pyrolysis-Catalysis of Waste Plastics: A Review

Recent advances during CH4 dry reforming for syngas production: A mini review

Increasing attention has been drawn to carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion into higher-value platform chemicals and synthetic fuels due to global warming. These reactions require a large amount of thermal energy in order to proceed, which is ascribable to the high stability of the bonds in CO2. Non-thermal plasma (NTP)-catalytic CO2 conversion has emerged as a promising method to significantly reduce the reaction temperature as plasma can activate CO2 at as low as room temperature and atmosphere pressure. However, this technology requires a paradigm shift in process design to enhance plasma-catalytic performance. CO2 conversion using plasma-catalysis has great potential to increase reaction efficiencies due to the synergetic effects between the plasma and catalysts. It is crucial to present the recent progress in CO2 conversion and utilization whilst providing a research prospects framework and direction for future research in both industries and laboratories. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent, encouraging research achievements in CO2 conversion using NTP is provided. The topics reviewed in this work are: i) the recent progress in different NTP sources in relation to product selectivity, conversion, and energy efficiency; ii) plasma-based CO2 reactions and applications; iii) CO2 conversion integrated with CO2 capture; and iv) current challenges and future perspectives. The high market value of the possible products from this process, including chemicals and fuels, make commercialization of the process feasible. Furthermore, the selectivities of these products can be further improved by developing suitable catalysts with effective sensitivities and performances under the intricate conditions needed to make these products. There is an urgent need for further studies to be performed in this emerging field.

/pdf/a-review-of-non-thermal-plasma-technology-a-novel-solution-1q1xorhyyt.pdf

A Review of Non-Thermal Plasma Technology: A novel solution for CO2 conversion and utilization

China's energy dependents on coal due to the abundance and low cost of coal. Coal provides a secure and stable energy source in China. Over-dependence on coal results in the emission of Hazardous Trace Elements (HTEs) including selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), etc., from Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs), which are the major toxic air pollutants causing widespread concern. For this reason, it is essential to provide a succinct analysis of the main HTEs emission control techniques while concurrently identifying the research prospects framework and specifying future research directions. The study herein reviews various techniques applied in China for the selected HTEs emission control, including the technical, institutional, policy, and regulatory aspects. The specific areas covered in this study include health effects, future coal production and consumption, the current situation of HTEs in Chinese coal, the chemistry of selected HTEs, control techniques, policies, and action plans safeguarding the emission control. The review emphasizes the fact that China must establish and promote efficient and clean ways to utilize coal in order to realize sustainable development. The principal conclusion is that cleaning coal technologies and fuel substitution should be great potential HTEs control technologies in China. Future research should focus on the simultaneous removal of HTEs, PM, SOx, and NOx in the complex flue gas.

Emission control strategies of hazardous trace elements from coal-fired power plants in China.

https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/156932962/Ceramic_paper_after_review_final_clean_version.pdf

Adwek George

Papers

A Review of Non-Thermal Plasma Technology: A novel solution for CO2 conversion and utilization

Emission control strategies of hazardous trace elements from coal-fired power plants in China.

Producing carbon nanotubes from thermochemical conversion of waste plastics using Ni/ceramic based catalyst

Review of solar energy development in Kenya: Opportunities and challenges