Wide-scale adoption and projected growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitate research and development of power electronic converters to achieve high power, low-cost, and reliable charging solutions for the EV battery. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EV off-board chargers that consist of ac-dc and dc-dc power stages from the power network to the EV battery. Although EV chargers are categorized into two types, namely, on-board and off-board chargers, it is essential to utilize off-board chargers for dc fast and ultra-fast charging so that volume and weight of EV can be reduced significantly. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art topologies and control methods of both ac-dc and dc-dc power stages for off-board chargers, focusing on technical details, ongoing progress, and challenges. In addition, most of the recent multiport EV chargers integrating PV, energy storage, EV, and grid are presented. Moreover, comparative analysis has been carried out for the topologies and the control schemes of ac-dc rectifiers, dc-dc converters, and multiport converters in terms of architecture, power and voltage levels, efficiency, bidirectionality, control variables, advantages, and disadvantages which can be used as a guideline for future research directions in EV charging solutions. 

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-of-power-converter-topologies-and-8o9fuuyc.pdf

A Comprehensive Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Methods for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Applications

Wide-scale adoption and projected growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitate research and development of power electronic converters to achieve high power, low-cost, and reliable charging solutions for the EV battery. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EV off-board chargers that consist of ac-dc and dc-dc power stages from the power network to the EV battery. Although EV chargers are categorized into two types, namely, on-board and off-board chargers, it is essential to utilize off-board chargers for dc fast and ultra-fast charging so that volume and weight of EV can be reduced significantly. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art topologies and control methods of both ac-dc and dc-dc power stages for off-board chargers, focusing on technical details, ongoing progress, and challenges. In addition, most of the recent multiport EV chargers integrating PV, energy storage, EV, and grid are presented. Moreover, comparative analysis has been carried out for the topologies and the control schemes of ac-dc rectifiers, dc-dc converters, and multiport converters in terms of architecture, power and voltage levels, efficiency, bidirectionality, control variables, advantages, and disadvantages which can be used as a guideline for future research directions in EV charging solutions.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09755960.pdf

Electric vehicles require fast, economical and reliable charging systems for efficient performance. Wireless charging systems remove the hassle to plug in the device to be charged when compared with the conventional wired charging systems. Moreover, wireless charging is considered to be environment and user friendly as the wires and mechanical connectors and related infrastructure are not required. This paper reviews the methods and techniques used for wireless charging in electric vehicles. First, the general techniques for wireless power transfer are described and explained. Capacitive power transfer and inductive power transfer which are the two main types of wireless charging are compared and contrasted. Next wireless charging systems for electric vehicles are classified and discussed in depth. Both the stationary and the dynamic wireless charging systems are discussed and reviewed. In addition, a typical model and design parameters of a dynamic charging system, which is a wireless charging system for moving vehicles, are examined. Control system functions of a wireless charging system of an electric vehicle are important for an effective and efficient performance. These are also discussed in the context of better efficiency of power transfer and improved communication between the transmitter and the receiver side of a vehicle charging system. Battery is an important part of an electric vehicle as different parameters of a charging system depend upon the battery characteristics. Therefore, different battery types are compared and battery models are reviewed. Findings of this state of the art review are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided. 

Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles

In order to gain a comprehensive view of electric vehicles (EVs) technologies and understand the emphasis of current research, this study evaluated the most relevant themes related to EVs through a bibliometric analysis using the keyword “electric vehicle” as the input. The Web of ScienceTM (WoS) database was used because it is considered ideal for bibliometric analysis. The VOSviewer software was adopted as a bibliometric analysis tool to visualize the networks of authors, countries, journals and keywords. The analysis carried out on 9 November 2021 retrieved a total of 29,304 documents in the period 2000 to 2021. The results show that in the last nine years the number of publications about EVs has grown significantly. The China is the leading nation in the field of EV research, contributing the largest number of publications in the world, with the main authors and research institutions involved. The journal Energies stands out as the main publishing periodical. Keyword analysis showed that studies on EVs in the last two decades have focused on themes related to energy management and storage, infrastructure and charging systems and environmental issues. The bibliometric analysis presented provides relevant information on the main themes studied about EVs and technological advances in development.

/pdf/electric-vehicles-bibliometric-analysis-of-the-current-state-665hirnt.pdf

Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

Wireless charging technology has become an important development trend in future electric vehicle (EV) power supply technology due to its safety, flexibility, and convenience. With its industrialized development, interoperability has become an essential technical link. The interoperability of wireless charging systems refers to the ability of output performance to meet specified indicators when different transmitter and receiver devices are matched. This study reviews the research status of the interoperability of EV wireless charging technology. First, the definition and composition of the interoperability of wireless charging systems are briefly given. Then, the article provides a review of standards about interoperability so far. The interoperability of various magnetic couplers and compensation topologies is also analyzed and summarized. After that, the paper reviews the existing interoperability evaluation methods. Finally, this work highlights the existing problems and challenges in current research of interoperability. We hope that this work will contribute to the further development of EV wireless charging technology.

/pdf/a-review-on-interoperability-of-wireless-charging-systems-1f11byvi.pdf

A Review on Interoperability of Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Considering a future scenario in which a driverless Electric Vehicle (EV) needs an automatic charging system without human intervention. In this regard, there is a requirement for a fully automatable, fast, safe, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure that provides a profitable business model and fast adoption in the electrified transportation systems. These qualities can be comprehended through wireless charging systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a futuristic technology with the advantage of flexibility, convenience, safety, and the capability of becoming fully automated. In WPT methods resonant inductive wireless charging has to gain more attention compared to other wireless power transfer methods due to high efficiency and easy maintenance. This literature presents a review of the status of Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging technology also highlighting the present status and its future of the wireless EV market. First, the paper delivers a brief history throw lights on wireless charging methods, highlighting the pros and cons. Then, the paper aids a comparative review of different type’s inductive pads, rails, and compensations technologies done so far. The static and dynamic charging techniques and their characteristics are also illustrated. The role and importance of power electronics and converter types used in various applications are discussed. The batteries and their management systems as well as various problems involved in WPT are also addressed. Different trades like cyber security economic effects, health and safety, foreign object detection, and the effect and impact on the distribution grid are explored. Prospects and challenges involved in wireless charging systems are also highlighting in this work. We believe that this work could help further the research and development of WPT systems.

/pdf/inductive-wireless-power-transfer-charging-for-electric-3o8fo82kdz.pdf

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Due to declining fossil fuel resources and rising gasoline prices, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have recently regained popularity. Meanwhile, due to the expensive initial cost of the battery, range anxiety or limited travel distance, a lack of charging infrastructure, and poor recharging rates, widespread adoption of EVs is not occurring at a rapid pace. The aforementioned concerns can be addressed with wireless power transfer (WPT) systems that use dynamic power transfer while the EVs are moving. It has the potential to lower the depth of depletion of the on-board battery, extending the battery's life cycle. Furthermore, a smaller battery not only decreases vehicle weight but also lowers vehicle costs due to improved performance. The WPT charging pads are used at regular intervals on frequently used routes; the range constraint is effectively alleviated or erased. Similarly, power transfer to EVs can be used directly to propel, avoiding losses of about 15% caused by energy stored in the battery. It is acknowledged that infrastructure investment costs may be expensive at first, but RWPT systems are best implemented in heavily frequented highways, in which case just a small portion of the entire roadway is required to execute. Furthermore, electricity charging costs can be collected from EVs that use power segments similar to toll booths to help support infrastructure costs. WPT has been studied and successfully applied to applications such as material handling and biomedicine in the past. Because of the adverse environment and particular properties of the roadway, adapting this technology to EV applications is currently a challenge. The key problem is higher power transfer rates (50-100 kW for SUVs, 8-20 kW for automobiles), charging distance, magnetic field leakage, high power transfer efficiency, high pressure and vibration in heavy traffic, compatibility, and extended expected life.
The majority of WPT EV charging experiments to date have concentrated on static systems, with only a few inquiries into roadway (dynamic) charging of EVs. Furthermore, the WPT technology for static charging has not been optimised to provide high power transfer efficiency. The selection of power electronic circuit topologies, magnetic coupler design, and compensator selection are all important factors in the efficient design of static or dynamic WPT charging systems. An inductive-based wireless charging system is nothing without coils. They are responsible for determining the power transmission capability and efficiency. The geometry of the coils is an important property since it is linked to the coupling-factor (K) of the coil construction and the Quality-factor (Q) of both primary and secondary coils. The compensator topology design is is another key feature of a WPT since it enhances transmission of power, reduces the power source's VA rating, and aids in soft switching devices. The researchers add a coplanar coil to the primary coil pad in order to increase coupling and efficiency using the Series-Series (SS) compensator architecture.. The compensation circuitry is divided into four types: PP, PS, SP, and SS, with the letters "P" and "S" denoting the way the resonant capacitor is linked to the coil, with "P" denoting parallel and "S" denoting series.
Double-sided LCC (DSLLC) compensation topology that is more favourable to improve   the K, Q and load condition handling.  The resonance frequency is not only independent, although it is very efficient and provides wide misalignment power transfer.   However, the DSLLC topology has a huge volume. This work offers a new integration approach for a wireless charging system employing DSLLC compensation structure in order to optimize modeling and development while maintaining the benefits of compact and high efficient. The proposed DSLCC WPT design is provide a wide variation of Magnitude of magnetic intensity and reaches to 93.2 % efficiency when the misalignment is close zero.  The lab scale experimentation is also conducted to validate the simulation results.

Aganti Mahesh

Papers

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Integrated Double-sided LCC Compensation Topology for an Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System