Novel optical/electrochemical selective 1,2,3-triazole ring-appended chemosensor for the Al3+ ion.

Developments in the field of fluorescent chemosensors for trace level determination of Al3+ have been described. Design, synthesis and applications of Al3+ selective fluorescent sensors have attracted a great deal of attention due to their versatile and emerging biological implications. A systematic description of different fluorescent probes based on their fluorophore skeleton has been made. The sensing mechanism of each fluorescent probe has been briefly discussed. Special emphasis has been given to consideration of the greenness of the methods, particularly, the use of greener solvents like water. The review covers published work on fluorescence sensing of Al3+ worldwide together with our own contribution in this field.

Fluorescent probes for selective determination of trace level Al3+: recent developments and future prospects

Highly optically selective and electrochemically active chemosensor for copper (II) based on triazole-linked glucosyl anthraquinone

Electrochemical properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a 1-aminoanthraquinone derivative (1-aminoAQ) were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. The results of EIS studies at different temperatures and applied potentials established that SAMs of 1-ammoniumAQ undergo proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 with a rate constant of 7.4 s -1 . Variable-temperature studies of the charge-transfer reaction gave a high activation barrier of 69 kJ·mol -1 for the 1-ammoniumAQ redox reaction, which is attributed to cleavage of a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond; this conclusion is supported by NMR and FTIR spectroscopic analyses, as well as DFT calculations. The 1-ammoniumAQ redox reactions were found to have a reorganizational energy term of 2.7 eV, consistent with large solvent reorganization and substantial nuclear rearrangement upon reduction.

Heterogeneous Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of an Aminoanthraquinone Self-Assembled Monolayer

A method is presented for the electroanalytical characterization of interactions of dsDNA with a drug, under conditions that both agents are dissolved in the phosphate buffer solution and both are electroactive. Normal pulse, square wave, differential pulse, and cyclic voltammetries were employed in the measurements of the drug and dsDNA oxidation signals at carbon electrodes. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used as a non-electrochemical method to support the electroanalytical data. An anticancer drug, C-1311 (5-diethylaminoethyl-amino-8-hydroxyimidazoacridinone), has been selected for the examination. Normal pulse voltammetry was particularly useful in showing that under the conditions employed neither dsDNA nor the drug were adsorbed at the electrode surface. Necessary conditions for the appearance of the well-defined dsDNA voltammetric signal (guanine peak) are: rigorous chemical and biological purity in the cell and appropriate purity of DNA. An analysis of the obtained results confirmed that there were two modes of interaction between C-1311 and dsDNA: by intercalation and electrostatically. In the presence of excess NaCl the electrostatic interactions deteriorate. The binding constants (K
 1 and K
 2, respectively) and the number (n) of nucleic base pairs (bp) and the number (m) of phosphate groups (pg) interacting with one molecule of drug have been determined. For strong interactions (intercalation) the values of the binding constant, K
 1, and the binding-site size, n, equal 3.7 × 104 M−1 and 2.1, respectively. For the weak electrostatic interactions the K
 2 and m parameters equal 0.28 × 104 M−1 and 4.7. The intercalation process is rather slow and its rate (the conditions of pseudo-first-order reaction) was estimated to equal 7 × 10−4 s−1. The possibility of independent determination of both interacting agents was very useful in the study.

Electroanalytical and spectroscopic procedures for examination of interactions between double stranded DNA and intercalating drugs

Three newly synthesized polyanthraquinone derivatives: 7,13-bis(9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane, (AQ)A215C5, 7,16-bis(9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, (AQ)A218C6, and tris[(9,10-diokso-1-antryl)-aminoethyl]amine, (AQNet)3N, were examined by cyclic and normal pulse voltammetry All anthraquinone groups in these compounds were electroactive and formed the radicals and dianions similarly to simple anthraquinone The differences between the voltammograms obtained in the absence and presence of supporting electrolyte are discussed, and the diffusion coefficients of the compounds and the rates of the chemical reactions following the first reduction step were evaluated (AQNet)3N appears to be a good model compound for multi electron transfers in aprotic solvents It offers two consecutive nearly reversible 3-electron redox systems: 0/−3 and −3/−6 The interactions of the radicals and dianions of the above compounds with alkali metal cations were examined

Supramolecular Derivatives of 9,10‐Anthraquinone. Electrochemistry at Regular‐ and Low Ionic Strength and Complexing Properties

Electrochemical formation of the adduct between antitumor agent C-1311 and DNA nucleoside dG

The need for quality assessment of anthropogenic impact on environmental pollution is increasing due to discharge from various industries, the use of chemicals in agriculture and the consumption of fossil fuels. Diminishing resources such as natural waters used for the cultivation of agricultural products, plant and animal habitats are under severe pollution pressure and are at constant risk. Several parameters, such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg were listed by Water Framework Directive in Directive (2008/105/EC) in the priority substances. Cadmium and Hg were identified as priority hazardous substances whereas As is an important contaminant for its potential toxicological and carcinogenic effects. An inter-comparison study is organised in EURAMET TC-MC in order to demonstrate the capability participants for measuring five elements in river water. The participants carried out measurements for analytes: Pb, Cd, Ni and As as mandatory elements, and Se as an optional one. Participants were asked to perform the measurements with respect to the protocol provided. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Agnieszka Zon

Papers

Supramolecular Derivatives of 9,10‐Anthraquinone. Electrochemistry at Regular‐ and Low Ionic Strength and Complexing Properties

Electrochemical formation of the adduct between antitumor agent C-1311 and DNA nucleoside dG

Determination of elements in river water