Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

A surface science perspective on TiO2 photocatalysis

Cerium dioxide (CeO2, ceria) is becoming an ubiquitous constituent in catalytic systems for a variety of applications. 2016 sees the 40th anniversary since ceria was first employed by Ford Motor Company as an oxygen storage component in car converters, to become in the years since its inception an irreplaceable component in three-way catalysts (TWCs). Apart from this well-established use, ceria is looming as a catalyst component for a wide range of catalytic applications. For some of these, such as fuel cells, CeO2-based materials have almost reached the market stage, while for some other catalytic reactions, such as reforming processes, photocatalysis, water-gas shift reaction, thermochemical water splitting, and organic reactions, ceria is emerging as a unique material, holding great promise for future market breakthroughs. While much knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of CeO2-based materials has already been acquired, new characterization techniques and powerful theoretical methods are dee...

Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials

This article provides an up-to-date perspective on the use of anion-exchange membranes in fuel cells, electrolysers, redox flow batteries, reverse electrodialysis cells, and bioelectrochemical systems (e.g. microbial fuel cells). The aim is to highlight key concepts, misconceptions, the current state-of-the-art, technological and scientific limitations, and the future challenges (research priorities) related to the use of anion-exchange membranes in these energy technologies. All the references that the authors deemed relevant, and were available on the web by the manuscript submission date (30th April 2014), are included.

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Anion-exchange membranes in electrochemical energy systems

Thank you very much for reading working with emotional intelligence. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this working with emotional intelligence, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer. working with emotional intelligence is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the working with emotional intelligence is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Working With Emotional Intelligence

Enhanced soot oxidation by lattice oxygen via La3+-doped CeO2

Financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2009/047), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CTQ2012-30703), and the co-financing of both projects by FEDER resources.

/pdf/diesel-soot-combustion-ceria-catalysts-1amfwi3x2f.pdf

Diesel soot combustion ceria catalysts

Ceria (CeO 2 ) and rare-earth modified ceria (CeReO x with Re = La, Pr, Sm, Y) catalysts are prepared by nitrate precursor calcination and are characterised by BET surface area, XRD, H 2 -TPR, and Raman spectroscopy. Potential of the catalysts in the soot oxidation is evaluated in TGA with a feed gas containing O 2 . Seven hundred degree Celsius calcination leads to a decrease in the surface area of the rare-earth modified CeO 2 compared with CeO 2 . However, an increase in the meso/macro pore volume, an important parameter for the soot oxidation with O 2 , is observed. Rare-earth ion doping led to the stabilisation of the CeO 2 surface area when calcined at 1000 °C. XRD, H 2 -TPR, and Raman characterisation show a solid solution formation in most of the mixed oxide catalysts. Surface segregation of dopant and even separate phases, in CeSmO x and CeYO x catalysts, are, however, observed. CePrO x and CeLaO x catalysts show superior soot oxidation activity (100% soot oxidation below 550 °C) compared with CeSmO x , CeYO x , and CeO 2 . The improved soot oxidation activity of rare-earth doped CeO 2 catalysts with O 2 can be correlated with the increased meso/micro pore volume and stabilisation of external surface area. The segregation of the phases and the enrichment of the catalyst surface with unreducible dopant decrease the intrinsic soot oxidation activity of the potential CeO 2 catalytic sites. Doping CeO 2 with a reducible ion such as Pr 4+/3+ shows an increase in the soot oxidation. However, the ease of catalyst reduction and the bulk oxygen-storage capacity is not a critical parameter in the determination of the soot oxidation activity. During the soot oxidation with O 2 , the function of the catalyst is to increase the ‘active oxygen’ transfer to the soot surface, but it does not change the rate-determining step, as evident from the unchanged apparent activation energy (around 150 kJ mol −1 ), for the catalysed and un-catalysed soot oxidation. Spill over of oxygen on the soot surface and its subsequent adsorption at the active carbon sites is an important intermediate step in the soot oxidation mechanism.

Potential rare-earth modified CeO2 catalysts for soot oxidation part II: Characterisation and catalytic activity with NO + O2

https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/8188/1/JCAT08-291%5b1%5d_a.pdf

Combined removal of diesel soot particulates and NOx over CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides

A new nanocomposite catalyst consisting of high-loading cobalt oxide (CoO) on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was prepared in this work. Its high activity for the ORR in alkaline electrolyte was determined using the rotating disk electrode technique, and further confirmed in real alkaline membrane fuel cells. A combination of physicochemical characterization (e.g., X-ray absorption and X-ray photo- electron spectra) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that cobalt(II) cations in the composite catalyst may coordinate with the pyridinic nitrogen atoms doped into graphene planes, most likely the active species for the ORR. Especially, the DFT calculations indicate that a stable rGO(N)−Co(II)−O−Co(II)−rGO(N) structure can be formed in the nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst. Kinetic parameter analysis shows a high selectivity of four-electron reduction on the composite catalyst during the ORR with an average electron transfer number of 3.75. A synergistic effect between the rGO(N) and CoO may exist, yielding a much higher catalytic activity on the CoO/rGO(N) catalyst, compared to either rGO(N) or CoO controls. The novel synthesis procedure utilizing rGO(N) to further couple Co(II) yields a high loading of Co species (24.7 wt %). Thus, a relatively thinner cathode in fuel cell can accommodate more active Co species and facilitate O2 transfer. Due to the high intrinsic activity and efficient mass transport, the CoO−rGO(N) ORR catalyst achieved approaching performance to state- of-the-art Pt/C cathodes in anion-exchange-membrane alkaline fuel cells.

http://www.cbe.buffalo.edu/people/pdfPub.jsp?id=3487

Agustín Bueno-López

Papers

Enhanced soot oxidation by lattice oxygen via La3+-doped CeO2

Diesel soot combustion ceria catalysts

Potential rare-earth modified CeO2 catalysts for soot oxidation part II: Characterisation and catalytic activity with NO + O2

Combined removal of diesel soot particulates and NOx over CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides

High-Loading Cobalt Oxide Coupled with Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Oxygen Reduction in Anion-Exchange-Membrane Alkaline Fuel Cells