Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade

Energy consumption and efficiency in buildings: current status and future trends

The increasing need for thermal comfort has led to a rapid increase in the use of cooling systems and, consequently, electricity demand for air-conditioning systems in buildings. Heat-driven ejector refrigeration systems appear to be a promising alternative to the traditional compressor-based refrigeration technologies for energy consumption reduction. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on ejector refrigeration systems and working fluids. It deeply analyzes ejector technology and behavior, refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance and all of the ejector refrigeration technologies, with a focus on past, present and future trends. The review is structured in four parts. In the first part, ejector technology is described. In the second part, a detailed description of the refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance is presented. In the third part, a review focused on the main jet refrigeration cycles is proposed, and the ejector refrigeration systems are reported and categorized. Finally, an overview over all ejector technologies, the relationship among the working fluids and the ejector performance, with a focus on past, present and future trends, is presented.

https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/984261/1/2016_RSER_BesagniMereuInzoli.pdf

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Adhesion and Adhesives Edited by Dr. R. Houwink and Dr. G. Salomon. Vol. 1: Adhesives. Second, completely revised edition. Pp. xvi + 548. (Amsterdam, London and New York: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1965.) 135s.

/pdf/adhesion-and-adhesives-1r2k52nrht.pdf

Adhesion and Adhesives

Integration of renewable energy and optimization of energy use are key enablers of sustainable energy transitions and mitigating climate change. Modern technologies such the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e, in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand. IoT can be employed for improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and reducing environmental impacts of the energy use. This paper reviews the existing literature on the application of IoT in in energy systems, in general, and in the context of smart grids particularly. Furthermore, we discuss enabling technologies of IoT, including cloud computing and different platforms for data analysis. Furthermore, we review challenges of deploying IoT in the energy sector, including privacy and security, with some solutions to these challenges such as blockchain technology. This survey provides energy policy-makers, energy economists, and managers with an overview of the role of IoT in optimization of energy systems.

Internet of Things (IoT) and the Energy Sector

A review of different strategies for HVAC energy saving

An experimental study on the effects of temperature and volume fraction of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) on the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol (EG) was performed. In this way, the thermal conductivity of samples of nanofluid was examined at temperature ranging from 27 to 52 °C and concentrations range of 0.02, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.6 %. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids enhances strangely with increase in volume fraction and temperature. Moreover, attempts were made to provide a new correlation for predicting the thermal conductivity of functionalized DWCNTs/EG nanofluid at different temperatures and concentrations. Finally, a deviation of margin analysis of the correlation revealed that there is a good agreement between experimental data and correlation outputs.

The effects of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal conductivity of functionalized DWCNTs/ethylene glycol nanofluid

Dynamic buckling of magnetorheological fluid integrated by visco-piezo-GPL reinforced plates

In this paper, the rheological behavior of the MWCNTs-TiO2/SAE50 hybrid nano-lubricant in solid volume fractions ranging from 0.03125 to 1% and temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 °C has been examined. Samples were prepared by a two-step method and CAP2000+ viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of nano-lubricant samples at different shear rates. Applying curve fitting method on the shear stress–shear rate dependency, consistency and power law index were obtained. In addition, a new correlation has been proposed to predict the consistency of the nano-lubricant as a function of temperature and solid volume fraction. Results revealed that all samples showed Newtonian behavior at all temperatures considered. Moreover, a comparison was performed between present findings and nano-lubricant. It showed that the viscosity of the present nano-lubricant was lower than that of MWCNTs-MgO/SAE50.

An experimental study on rheological behavior of SAE50 engine oil

While vinyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile is frequently used for the toughening of vinylester and polyester, very limited research has been conducted on modification of epoxy with this oligomer. Herein, the effect of vinyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile addition to epoxy in bulk and glass reinforced composite is systematically investigated. Thermo-physical behavior and mechanical characteristics of the samples are determined. To interpret the test results, the void content of reinforced samples is measured and fracture surface of the specimens is investigated. It is found that vinyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile improves the toughness with slight negligible effects on other characteristics. Incorporation of 15 phr of vinyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile increases the KIC of epoxy from 0.6 MPa to 2.3 MPam0.5. Similarly, addition of 15 phr vinyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile leads to 67% enhancement in the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites. The toughening mechanism...

Ahmad Fakhar

Papers

A review of different strategies for HVAC energy saving

The effects of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal conductivity of functionalized DWCNTs/ethylene glycol nanofluid

Dynamic buckling of magnetorheological fluid integrated by visco-piezo-GPL reinforced plates

An experimental study on rheological behavior of SAE50 engine oil

Comprehensive Study on Using VTBN Reactive Oligomer for Rubber Toughening of Epoxy Resin and Composite