Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control [Erratum: 2008, v. 44, issue 3, p. 304.]

In this study both adult male and female antennal sensilla of Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1896 and Trogoderma variabile Ballion, 1878 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) were observed by scanning electron microscope. The antennae of both species were found to consist of a scape, a pedicel and a flagellum with 9 subsegments, i.e., flagellomeres. Four categories of antennal sensilla including 10 types were found in these 2 species. The sensilla were designated, sensilla chaetica I, sensilla chaetica II, sensilla chaetica III, sensilla basiconica I, sensilla basiconica II, sensilla basiconica III, sensilla basiconica IV, sensilla basiconica V, sensilla coeloconica and Bohm bristles. The characteristics and distribution of these antennal sensilla were described, and relevant differences between the male and the female were compared. Finally, the probable functions and their applications in taxonomy were briefly discussed. These findings provide an improved understanding of the morphology of the antennae in these 2 species and can help to distinguish them clearly. Besides, these results also will support investigations into adaptions of these Trogoderma species to storage environments.

https://bioone.org/journals/Florida-Entomologist/volume-98/issue-1/024.098.0124/Scanning-Electron-Microscope-Observations-on-the-Antennal-Sensilla-of-Two/10.1653/024.098.0124.pdf

Scanning electron microscope observations on the antennal sensilla of two stored grain pests Trogoderma granarium and Trogoderma variabile (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Use of synthetic pesticides reduces the competitiveness of Kenyan snap bean pods due to stringent regulations by importers as a result of presence of chemical residues. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of local biopesticides in managing insect pests and diseases of snap beans. Field experiments were set up in farmer's field where Trichoderma spp. and Paecilomyce spp. and plant extracts from turmeric, garlic, ginger and lemon were applied weekly as foliar sprays. Plant extracts reduced the population of whiteflies and thrips by up to 58% and 41% while antagonistic fungi had a corresponding 30% and 18% reduction, respectively. Trichoderma spp. reduced severity of angular leaf spot (37.5%), rust (67%) and anthracnose (20.7%). Plant extracts and antagonistic fungi increased marketable pod yield by 25.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Results demonstrated that local environments are potential sources of biopesticides that can be exploited for integrated management of pests and diseases.

/pdf/management-of-snap-bean-insect-pests-and-diseases-by-use-of-4m5iyvj06s.pdf

Management of snap bean insect pests and diseases by use of antagonistic fungi and plant extracts.

The current work was carried out to investigate the effects of methanolic, petroleum ether and nbutanol extracts (30.0, 15.0, 7.5, 3.7 and 1.8%) of Nigella sativa seeds on several parameters of the adult performance and phase transition of Schistocerca gregaria. The n-butanol extract exhibited the most potent adulticidal activity followed with petroleum ether and methanolic extract, respectively, after treatment of penultimate (4) instar nymphs. After treatment of last (5) instar nymphs, methanolic extract exhibited the least adulticidal activity. Also, treatment of penultimate instar nymphs with N. sativa extracts resulted in blocked adult emergence in a dose-dependent course. Whereas no effect was exhibited by n-butanol extract on adult emergence after treatment of last instar nymphs, various degrees of restrained process was determined at some concentrations of other extracts. All N. sativa extracts (only at the higher two concentrations) caused adult deformities after treatment of the penultimate instar nymphs. After treatment of the last instar nymphs, nbutanol extract halted the adult morphogenesis only at the higher two concentrations but other extracts impaired it at all concentrations. In connection with the phase transition, treatment of penultimate instar nymphs with n-butanol extract (at 15.0 %) resulted in a solitarious tendency of S. gregaria adults as appeared with deeply green colour. The ovarian maturation in adult females was pronouncedly or slightly prohibited by N. sativa extracts during prolonged duration, depending on the concentration. Also, the reproductive life-time (oviposition period) was affected. Total adult longevity was shortened or prolonged, i.e. adult aging was accelerated or delayed, depending on extracts, concentration level and time of treatment.

/pdf/efficacy-of-nigella-sativa-ranunculaceae-extracts-on-adult-4c0vmhs2q9.pdf

Efficacy of Nigella Sativa (Ranunculaceae) Extracts on Adult Performance and Phase Transition of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The study was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, and Iraq. Methanol extracts of six local plants (Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Eucalyptus glauca, Malva parviflora, Mentha longifolia and Zingiber officinale) were studied for their toxicity effect on mortality of the last larval stage of Tribolium confusum by assessing the mortality value of the larvae for different plant extracts and different exposure times (1-5 hrs) and estimating the value of LT50 for each plant extract. The mortality were varying from plant to plant as follows: Anethum graveolens reached its maximum value of 56.67% at 4.5 hrs, for Eucalyptus glauca it was 90% at 2 hrs., for Apium graveolens it was 93.33% at 5 hrs exposure and Mentha longifolia it was 93.33% at 4 hrs, while for Malva parviflora reached 96.67% at 3 hrs, and for Zingiber officinale reached its maximum value of 100% at 2 hrs. The LT50 values for T. confusum ranged from 1.111 for Zingiber officinale to 3.146 for Anethum graveolens whiles the obtained LT50 values were 2.451, 1.392, 1.364 and 1.143 for Apium graveolens, Mentha longifolia, Malva parviflora and Eucalyptus glauca respectively. The results indicate that Zingiber officinale was the most toxic plant and Anethum graveolens the least toxic.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/toxic-effect-of-some-plant-extracts-on-the-mortality-of-flour-beetle-tribolium-confusum-duval-coleoptera-tenebrionidae-2161-0983.1000115.pdf

Toxic Effect of Some Plant Extracts on the Mortality of Flour Beetle Tribolium confusum (Duval) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Nigella sativa extracts against the larvae of T. granarium under laboratory conditions in the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2009-10. The highest concentration of (6 %) Z. officinale was found to be comparatively more toxic (16.70 %) than those of A. sativum (10.45 %) and N. sativa (5.49 %) at 96 hours exposure. Regarding latent effect of the test plant materials, Z. officinale gave significantly higher reduction (54.15 %) in F1 progeny than N. sativa (41.97 %) and A. sativum (32.19 %). The study reveals that Z. officinale had a strong latent effect against the larvae of the test pest. Further investigations on the efficacy of longer exposure in combination with higher concentrations of these extracts can be helpful to reduce the wheat store-insect damage.

/pdf/insecticidal-activity-of-some-plant-extracts-against-lru8ysh265.pdf

Ahmad Hammad

Papers

Insecticidal Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Trogoderma granarium (E.)